1^
i
UC-NRLF
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DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR
OF THE
CHAMORRO LANGUAGE
OF
THE ISLAND OF GUAM
a.(R. "P^
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1918
T??
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
Prefatory correspondence v
Introduction 1
Bibliography 3
Pronunciation 4
Accentuation 6
Concise grammatical outline of the Chamorro language 7
Abbreviations - . 29
Dictionary of the Chamorro language:
Part I. English-Chamorro dictionary 33
Part II. Chamorro-English dictionary 129
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382217
PREFATORY CORRESPONDENCE.
United States Naval Station, Guam, Office of the Supply Officer and Pay Officer op the Station,
November U, 1916. From: Chief Pay Clerk E. R. von Preiesig, United States Navy. To: The Secretary of the Navy (Bureau of Naval Intelligence), via The Department
of Education and The Governor of Guam. Subject: Forwards MS. of Chamorro Dictionary.
(1) Having completed the preparation of a Dictionary of the Chamorro Language, I forward herewith the manuscript, and request that this work be approved and printed as a Navy Department publication, for the use of the department of education and other branches of the Government of Guam, and for sale to the general public.
Edward R. von Preissig.
[First indorsement.]
Naval Government of Guam, Department of Education,
November 16, 1916. From: Head of department. To: Governor of Guam.
(1) Forwarded, recommending approval.
(2) It is believed that this dictionary would be of great value to the department of education of the island.
M. G. Cook.
[Second indorsement.]
Naval Government of Guam, Government House,
Guam, November 18, 1916. From: Governor of Guam.
To: The Secretary of the Navy, via Office of Naval Intelligence. Subject: Forwarding MS. of Chamorro Dictionary and recommending printing.
(1) Forwarded, approved.
(2) This is a highly creditable piece of work, which has been accomplished at the cost of much labor. Nothing exists on the same scale. It is bound to be of great value to all the inhabitants of Guam.
(3) Mr. von Preissig expects no rewards or compensation of any sort. He has pur- sued this labor as a matter of personal interest and offers his work freely to the Govern- ment.
(4) I recommend that the dictionary be accepted and a letter of thanks be sent to Mr. von Preissig; and that the work be printed and issued, as requested.
(5) I also recommend that this correspondence, together with the department's final action, be printed with the work, to serve as a preface.
Roy C. Smith.
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VI
Navy Department, Washington, April 6, 1917. My dear Mr. von Preissig: The department has received through the commandant of the naval station at Guam the manuscript of your Grammar and Dictionary of the Chamorro Language. The energy and zeal displayed by you in the preparation of a work of such magnitude is fully appreciated, as is also your generous offer to place the results of your labor at the disposal of the department without remuneration.
While the department recognizes the great benefit that would accrue to the depart- ment of education and the inhabitants of the Island of Guam through their possession of a textbook of this character, there are not at this time funds available for its publi- cation.
I have placed this matter in the hands of the Director of Naval Intelligence, who will safeguard your manuscript and submit requisition for the publication of the work when funds for the purpose shall be available. Very respectfully,
JosEPHUS Daniels, Secretary of the Navy. Chief Pay Clerk Edward R. von Pueissig, U. S. Navy,
Naval Hospital, Mare Island, Cal. [Note. — Chief Pay Clerk von Preissig was promoted to be assistant paymaster, United States Navy, July 1, 1917.]
INTRODUCTION.
By Edward R. von Preissig, Ph. D., Author of Etymological Comparison of the Finn-Ugrian and Magyar Idioms; Short History of Atistria- Hungary; Political Institutions of the Old World; etc.
That the present work is the first lexicographic record in the English language of the Chamorro idiom of the Marianas Islands, and especially of the island of Guam, is submitted as its principal "raison d'etre," as well as the author's justification for undertaking a task rendered exceptionally difficult through the paucity of materials on which to base outlines, which difficulties were further amplified by the character of the sources at his disposal. As stated in the bibliography following, only three dictionaries are available at the present time, of which the Japanese-Chamorro Dic- tionary contains about 60 very small pages, with a vocabulary comprising 30 pages, presenting the Chamorro equivalents in phonetic spelling; the German-Chamorro Dictionary, with a vocabulary of 86 pages, also adheres to the phonetic spelling and only the Spanish-Chamorro Dictionary, published in Manila in 1865, maintains the spelling of the Chamorro words in accordance with the representation used by the Cha- morros of the present day, a usage which has been transmitted to them through their mothers from generation to generation. The fact that there has been great need for a printed record of the Chamorro language is brought into bold view by the evident losses sustained by the spoken language since the comparatively recent date of the publication of the last mentioned dictionary. These losses have forced themselves upon the author's knowledge during his preliminary investigations among the natives, when it was his ever-recurring experience to be compelled to abandon word after Word contained in the work of the Spanish author, for the reason that they were no longer remembered by any of the living Chamorros, and although all these words represented, upon the most casual etymological investigation, the true genius of the old language, they have been lost to it forever, havii^ apparently die4 with the last generation.
Immediately upon having finished his outline plan for this Work, the present lexicographer Was required to decide a question of the utmost importance, that of the spelling of the Chamorro equivalents to be adopted by him. Mr. W. E. Safford, author of the scholarly Grammar of the Chamorro Language of Guam, having given his permission for the use of his Work, the careful study of the same offered a great number of convincing arguments in favor of the phonetic spelling, and the Work was com- menced in accordance with this decision. However, upon submitting the partial fruits of his labors to the scrutiny of a number of Chamorro gentlemen, the author Was suddenly confronted by the absolute necessity for the reversal of his con- clusions. Whatever may have been the detailed experiences, the consensus of opinion Was adverse to the acceptance of any innovation, pride of race and language and reverence of ancestors and old-time traditions playing no small part in the final decision, reluctantly but unalterably tendered, offering no compromise on the ancient, illogical, impracticable, but nevertheless beloved, and therefore not to be changed, old- time Chamorro method of spelling. And thus the author resigned himself to the task of rewriting all the work done, and presents it now in the finished form appearing
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herein, acceptable, and, he hopes, useful to those for ■whose especial benefit it was planned and oct^cuteO .
Before concluding, the author ^viaiies to express the hope that his principal aim, that of the facilitation of the work of the public schools of Guam, through the placing into the pupils' hands of the means for the acquisition of a thorough understanding of the meaning of the English words learned by them in the course of their school term, may be accomplished.
It is the author 'a duty, as well as a pleasure, to acknowledge here the services rendered by the following-named gentlemen, who assisted in verifying the Chamorro equiv- alents in this work. Thanks for this valuable help are due to Messrs. Vicente Calvo, Jos6 Cruz, Vicente Herrero, Pedro Martinez, Atanacio Perez, Jose Roberto, Juan Taitano, and Francisco Taitano, all of Agaiia, island of Guam. The author also acknowledges his indebtedness to Mr. J. Schnabel, superintendent of the schools of Guam, for many suggestions in connection with this work, to Mrs. W. G. Johnston, teacher in the Guam schools, to his wife, Mrs. Hester von Preissig, member of the Guam Normal School faculty, and to Messrs. Atanacio Perez and Francisco Taitano for assistance in the final revision. The author also desires to extend his thanks to Mr. W. E. Safford, for permission to use his scholarly philological study of the Grammar of the Chamorro Language, which has been of the greatest service in the preparation of this work.
Agana, Island op Guam, November, 1916.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Diccionario Espanol-CJliamorro, que dedica a las escuelas de Marianas el P. Fr. Aniceto Ibanez del Carmen, cura pdrroco de Agana; published in Manila, Imp. de Ramirez y Giraudier, in 1S65.
Chamorro-Wdrterbuch, enthaltend: I. Deutch-Chamorro; II. Chamorro-Deutsch. Nebst einer Chamorro-Grammatik und einigen Sprachiibungen; von P. Callistus, O. Capuc, Miss. Apost. in Guam (Marianen); published in Hongkong, Tj-pis Socie- tatis Missionum ad Exterios, in 1910.
Fino Japones yan Chamorro; Ninajuyung y Tenderon, Nanyon-Boyeki-Kaisha; D. Kikuchi; printed in Japan in 1915; booklet, size 4 by 6 inches, 64 pages.
Gramatica Chamorro, que traducida literahnente de la que escribio D . Luis Matay Araujo, dedica a las escuelas de Marianas con el fin de que los ninos aprendan el Castellano; el P. Fr. Aniceto Ibanez del Carmen, cura pdrroco de Agana, ano 1864; published in Manila, Imp. de Ramirez y Giraudier, in 1865. (This is a grammar of the Spanish language, written in Chamorro.)
The TJsefxil Plants of the Island of Guam, with an introductory account of the physical features and natural history of the island, of the character and history of ItB people, and of their agriculture, by William Edwin Safford. Washington, Govern- ment Printing Ofiice, 1905.
The Chamorro Language of Guam, a grammar of the idiom spoken by the inhabitants of the Marianas, or Ladrones, Islands, by William Edwin Safford. Re- printed from the American Anthropologist, 1903-1905 ; published in Washington, D . C . , by W. H. Lowdermilk & Co.
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PRONUNCIATION.
a without an accent in Chamorro is pronounced the same as the "a" in father; or in the Italian si parla Italiano.
b almost the same as in English, but it is not as hard, and there is a perceptible tendency toward "v."
c represents the sound of "k" before the vowels "a," "o," and "u"; in Chamorro, when it is desired to render the sound of "k" before "e" and "i," the diph- thong "qu" is used, instead of "c."
ch pronounced the same as "ch" in chanty.
d the same as in English, but softer.
e as "a" in /ate.
f as in English.
g is pronounced hard, as in gold, before the letters "a," "o," and "u"; the sound of "ge" as in the English get is indicated by the letters "gue," or the sound of "gi" as in the English gimp, by the letters "gui," the "u" in both cases being silent, except where accented (see paragraph on Accentuation); at the end of words the "g" is sounded hard, almost like a "k."
h is always silent, and is of most infrequent use, especially at the beginning of words; it occurs mainly in words derived from the Spanish.
i pronounced like "ee" in meet; in final syllables, "e" and "i" are almost inter- changeable, and the apparent confusion in spelling is sanctioned by accepted usage.
j has the sound of the English "h," but is strongly aspirated.
k is not used by the Chamorros; its sound in the English alphabet, as in kettle, is represented by the letter "c" before the vowels "a," "o," and "u," and by the diphthong "qu" before the letters "e" and "i"; the advisability of the phonetic (and therefore more logical) representation of this sound was carefully considered in carrying out the present work, in connection with various other letters of the Chamorro alphabet, principally "j," and "11," and the adherence to the ancient manner of spelling was decided upon only after most searching inquiry which plainly disclosed the advisability of this course; one-half, or more, of the present work was rewritten when the author became convinced that any change in that direction would render his efforts futile by proving this lexicographic work unacceptable to those for whose benefit it was planned.
I is pronounced as in English.
II carries the sound of "j " in English, but with a strong nasal twang and a trace of a
soft "d" suggested in its articulation; the letter "y" is now generally used in the place of "11," conveying the same sound.
m pronounced as in English.
n as in English.
fi. as "ni" in onion or bunion; the same as the Spanish "n" in Nina.
ng. The pronunciation of this diphthong is somewhat difficult of description; in Cha- morro the letters "ng," unless followed by a second "g," never convey the sound of "ng" in the English finger; when bearing the characteristic accent extending over both letters, the pronunciation strongly suggests a reversal of the two letters, the combined sound being that of a gutteral "g," begun in the throat, but not
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finished, and followed by a soft "n" (much the same as the "'n" in the Spanish Nina), thus producing, first, an unfinished "g" and an "n," or the sound value resembling "gn."
o as in no.
p the same as in English.
qu used to represent the sound of "k" before the vowels "e" and "i."
r as in English.
s represents both the sound of the English "s" and of the "z," the latter not being used in the Chamorro alphabet; no rule can be given for the distinctive sound, which can be only ascertained from usage.
t the same as in English.
u has the sound of "oo" in root; in final syllables there exists the same interchange- ability between the letters "u" and "o" as has been described under the lette "i"; thus tdotao is often spelled tdutau, it being impossible to make a proper division on account of the sound of the last syllable, which carries a value half way between "o" and "u."
y is pronounced nearly as the " j " in joke, but with a softer articulation.
The letters x, k, v, w, and z are not used in Chamorro.
ACCENTUATION.
Accents have been used in the present work only where they are of essential value, or where their omission would cause a change in the meaning of the words involved. Accordingly, the following paragraphs comprise these essentials only.
In words of two syllables the accent is usually on the first syllable, and this is the case even though the word be adopted from the Spanish, the latter language requiring the accent in such words to be placed on the last syllable. Thus the Chamorro cdjet, derived from the Spanish cajel, or bdston, identical with the Spanish hast&ti, have the accent in the Chamorro equivalent on the fu-st syllable, while the Spanish words carry the accent on the second syllable, as noted.
In words of more than two syllables the accent is usually on the penult, as in the Spanish, and in the case of variation from this rule, an acute accent is placed on the syllable to be accented. Agaga (red) carries no accent, as the emphasis in this word is on the next to the last syllable; on the other hand, dpac& (white), also written Apacd, has the acute accent indicated over the first vowel, to indicate that the stress falls upon the first syllable, in exception to the rule above given. Through the addition of particles to root words the accent is often shifted, and in all such cases must be written in. For example, tdta (father) has the accent on the fii'st syllable; tatdjo (my father) bears emphasis on the second, and tatanmdme (our father) has the stress on the third syllable, indicated in each case by an acute accent placed over the vowel contained in the respective syllable. The acute accent is also used when the syllable containing a, e, i, 6, or u is to be accented, or when the stress falls on a syllable with a or ii, thus: mad^nao, yina'cd.
After certain words and particles there occurs a change in the vowels following. Thus in the case of the definite article, "y," besides the complete change in the two vowels following, as described on the first page of the "Grammatical outline," from "o" to "e," and from "u" to "i," the prefixing of this definite article effects a change from the open sound of the vowel "a" to that of "a" in cat or at, and somewhat resembling the so-called "Umlaut" in the German language represented by "a." This change is indicated by the same accent in Chamorro, two dots being placed over the "a" when this vowel is preceded by the definite article, thus, "a."
A peculiar pronunciation of the vowels "a," "e," "i," "o," and "u," in certain words, especially in such as may be formed by reduplication of syllables, is indicated in the Chamorro language by the accent ^ .
"Whenever this accent occurs, the respective vowel, which generally in such words terminates the syllable, is pronounced without change in the equivalent indicated in the table of pronunciation; for instance, the "6" is pronounced as the "o" in no, but while the articulation of the vowel is begun as usual, the accent effects an abrupt and sharp termination, such as might be indicated by the sudden elision of a consonant intended to follow the vowel.
When two vowels follow each other, such as "ii," or "ee," the separate pronuncia- tion of each is indicated by an acute accent or by the accent '^ . In the case of "ue" or "ui,'* when it becomes necessary to show the separate pronunciation of the "u," which, when following "g," is always silent before "e" and "i," unless accented, this is accomplished by placing over it two dots, as follows: "giie," and "giii."
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CONCISE GRAMMAR OF THE CHAMORRO LANGUAGE.
THE ARTICLE.
(a) indefinite article.
No indefinite article was used in the old Chamorro idiom. In the modern vernacu- lar the Spanish un, in invariable form, with both masculine and feminine nouns, takes its place. Examples:
un laje (a man). un palauan (a woman), un patgon (a child). un raina (a queen).
(b) definite article.
y (from the Spanish; pronounced: e) is the definite article, and is invariable; it has the effect of changing certain letters in the nouns following. Examples:
o is changed to e, chotda; y chetda (the banana), u is changed to i, ptigua; y pigua (the betel-nut). Note. — See fourth paragraph under "Accentuation " with reference to change in vowel "a."
(c) the article before proper nouns.
Before titles and names of persons and animals: si; also si tata (the father) and si nana (the mother).
At the end of a sentence or subordinate clause, or when the proper noun is used in apposition: as. For example:
y lajimo as Isaac (thy son Isaac).
y ni§inaluni as Jose (the wise Joseph; or, Joseph, the wise). Before places, rivers, natural objects, denoted by names of no known signification: iya; y ya. For example:
iya catan; y ya catan (the north).
daiigculo iya Jagatna; dangculo y ya Jagatiia (Agana is large).
THE NOUN.
The grammatical gender is not known in the Chamorro language. The natural gen- der is designated by the prefixes laje (man) or palauan (woman), and the sex of mammals is sometimes indicated by toro (bull) or baca (cow). Examples:
laje na manog (cock), palauan na manog (hen), toro na chiba (he-goat). baca na chiba (she-goat).
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NUMBER OF NOUNS.
Nouns may be of singular, dual, or plural number.
(a) Mutual or reciprocal relationship is represented by the dual number, formed by inserting the particle um before the first vowel of the primitive word. Examples:
ch§lo; chela (brother, or sister).
chumSlo (two brothers).
chumgla (two sisters).
perientes (kinsman).
y pumarientes (the [two] kinsmen). (6) The plural form is indicated by sija, generally as a suflBx, but may also pre- cede it. Examples:
guma (house).
sija na guma (houses). Certain nouns form the plural by taking the prefix man, which in some cases changes the initial letter of the primitive word. Examples:
ch to n, chelo; maneld (brother; brothers).
f to mi, fafajan; miamafajan (buyer; buyers).
c and qu to ng, Quilisyano; Manguilisyano (Christians).
p to m, pale; mamale (pater; patres).
s to fi., saque; maflaque (thief; thieves).
t to n, tailaye; m.anailaye (villain; villains). Exceptions:
laje (man); lalaje (men).
jaga (daughter); jajaga (daughters).
patgon (child); famagii on (children).
palauan (woman); famalauan (women).
laje (man); lajijo (my son); lajimo (thy son); lajifia (his, or her, son).
lajinmame or lajite (our son); lajinmiyo (your son); lajinfiija (their son). A kind of plural is expressed by prefixing to proper nouns the particle ja. Example:
si ja Pedro (Pedro and his friends).
No special form is used to indicate case, and the connection of the words in a Bentence must decide the same. Examples:
agang si Pedro (call Pedro).
nae si Pedro nu este na leblo (give this book to Pedro). Leblo (book) also written lebblo. If the name of the object possessed ends in a vowel, the genitive or possessive may be indicated by adding an n. Examples:
y leblon Jose (the book of Jose).
si Marian quiquo (Mary, the wife of Francis).
THE ADJECTIVE.
There are but few words in Chamorro which may be considered true adjectives, as most of them are really other parts of speech formed into adjectives, participial adjectives, etc., by the addition of prefixes, suffixes, and infixes. In the present work the classification given by W. E. Safford in his Grammar of the Chamorro Lan- guage has been adopted.
GRAMMATICAL DIVISION.
(1) Qualifying adjectives. — (a) Simple adjectivea; (6) adjectival prefixes; (c) adjec- tival suffixes; {d) conjunctive particle; (e) predicate adjectives; (/) adjectives with definite article; {g) comparison of adjectives; {h) reduplication of syllables; (i) for- mation of the plural.
(2) Demonstrative adjectives. — (a) This; (6) that; (c) yon, yonder; {d) formation of adverbs from demonstratives.
(3) Interrogative adjectives.
(4) Indefinite adjectives. — (a) Limiting adjective, guaja; (6) indefinite adjectives from interrogatives; (c) negative adjectives; {d) adjectives of quantity or number; (c) adjectives of comparison; (/) indefinite adjectives adopted from the Spanish.
(1) QUALIFYING ADJECTIVES.
(a) Simple adjectives. The following may be considered true adjectives:
da^culo (large). diquiqui (little). loca (high). yomog (fat). gasgas (clean). feda (wide). paupau (fragrant); pdopao.
also written
agaga (red). &^paca (white). atulong (black). jomjom (dark). chagd (distant) tunas (straight). jomld (healthy).
(6) Adjectival prefixes.
The syllable ma. Many adjectives expressing the quality, nature, or condition of an object begin with the syllable ma. Examples:
majetog (hard; solid). m&fiafia (soft). maja£Las (softened). m.ajlos (smooth). mapot (difficult). macat (heavy). masogsog (lean). manana (light, not dark) M. manngue (savory). maasen (salty). maasne (salted). The syllable ma prefixed to verbs dition.
Examples:
titeg (to tear). goflit (to love)
(also goflie and magofli^). saulag (to whip). palae (to anoint). tuno (to burn). jafot (to bury).
'cold).
maipe (hot). manengjeng (i mauleg (good). zaagof (glad). zaaasd (kind). mam.ajlao (ashamed). majgong (quiet). xaalan^o (sick). mames (sweet). maagsom. (sour). zaalaet (bitter). forms a participial adjective, indicating con-
matiteg (torn). zaagoflii (loved).
masauleg (whipped), mapalae (anointed). matuno (burnt). majafot (buried).
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The prefix ca. This prefix has the effect of modifying the succeeding vowels, as in the case of the definite article; it signifies covered with or spotted with. Examples:
fach§ (mud); cafache (covered with mud).
jaga (blood); cajagfi, (stained with blood). The prefix gS, used before infinitives and nouns, expresses taste, habit, or inclina- tion. Examples:
mames (sweet); gamames (fond of sweets).
tuba (toddy); gatiba (fond of toddy).
salape (money); gasalape (fond of monej^).
machocho (labor); gamachocho (industrious). The prefix gusg is used to form adjectives denoting propensity or tendency. Examples:
bubo (to be angry); gusebubo (easily angered).
basnag (to fall); gusebasnag (prone to fall). The prefix ja is similar in effect and use to guse. Examples:
lalalo (to be become angry); jalalald (easily angered; irritable).
sulon (to slide; to slip); jasulon (prone to slide or to slip). The prefix in, in some cases followed by the suflBx an, denotes infested with, attacked by, or overrun with. Examples:
otdot (ant); inetdot or inetdotan (infested or attacked by ants).
sasata (wasp); sinasata (infested by wasps). The prefix mi denotes abounding in. Examples:
tinai (sand); naiiinai (sandy).
ach6 (stone); miach.6 (full of stones; stony).
sisiiia (power); misisina (powerful).
guinaja (property) migiiinaja (wealthy). The prefix e denotes the reverse of mi, i. e., to be lacking in, or to be possessed of little. Example:
e'jinaso si Juan (John has little brain). The prefix na denotes the effect of an act or thing. Examples:
gasgas (clean); na^gasgas (cleaning) (also, as verb, to make clean).
maa'nao (afraid); na'maanao (terrifying) (as verb, to make afraid). The prefix mama signifies capable of being. Examples:
cano (to eat); mamacano (capable of being eaten; eatable).
taitai (to read); mamataitai (capable of being read; legible). The prefixes gof and chat, denoting contrast. Examples:
g6ftan6 (fertile), also gueftano; chattand (sterile, land). The prefix tag indicates habit or disposition, also location. Examples:
jul6 (above; up); tagjilo (high; lofty; pretty high).
catan (east); tagcatan (in the east; oriental). The prefixes s§n and sesen signify real, true, genuine, very.
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Examples:
tailaye (bad); sentailaye (very bad).
abale (wicked); senabale (very wicked).
baba (worthless); senbaba (quite worthless; very bad). The prefixes got and guef previously stated to express contrast; they also express the superlative, usually in a good sense. Examples:
gasgas (clean); gofgasgas (very clean).
mauleg (good); guefmauleg (very good; excellent).
apaca (white); gofapaca (very white; pure white). The prefix pinat. Examples:
marties (sweet); pinatmames (too sweet; oversweet).
maasen (salty); iDinatmaasen (oversalty).
mantica (hard); pinatmantica (too greasy). The prefix la may be translated rather, somewhat, or by the English "ish." Examples:
S.paca (white); laapaca (somewhat white; whitish).
bijo (old); labijo (rather old; oldish).
chatpago (ugly); lachatpago (rather ugly). The prefixes cha or acha indicate equality. Examples:
chamalango jao yan y chelumo (you are as sick as your brother).
achacatpintero si Pedro yan tatana (both Peter and his father are car- penters). The prefix chat denotes a lesser quality. Examples:
maipe (hot); chatmaipe (not very hot; warm).
apaca (white); chatapaca (imperfectly white). The prefix ti denies or reverses the quality expressed by the primitive word. Examples:
gasgas (clean); tigasgas (unclean).
mejnalom (prudent); timejnalom (imprudent).
magajet (true); tinxagajet (untrue; false).
mamatai (mortal); timaraatai (immortal). ti may be considered as equivalent to the English "not," as in sina (possible); tisifla (not possible; impossible). The prefix tai signifies there is not, or there is no. Examples:
chi (limit); taichi (infinite; without end).
Isao (sin); tai-Isao (sinless; innocent).
sinajguan (containing); taisinajguan (empty).
(c) Adjectival suffixes.
The suffixes on and yon. By adding on to certain verba ending in a consonant, or yon, if the verb ends in a vowel, adjectives are formed expressing possibility. Examples:
fatinas (to do); fatinason (feasible).
tanga (to desire); tangayon (desirable).
goflie (to love); gofliiyon (amiable).
ago (to change); aguyon (changeable).
pun6 (to quench; puniion (extinguishable).
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(d) Conjunctive particle.
The particle na. Attributive adjectives are connected with the nouns they modify- by means of the particle na, which is not translatable into English. Examples:
mauleg na taotao (good man). laje na patgon (male child; boy). patgon na chiba (young goat). guefmauleg na palauan (good woman), y tailaye na chalan (the bad road, or street). The particle na is omitted where the adjective expresses an inherent attribute, as in y atulong aga (the black crow).
(e) Predicate adjectives.
The particle na is not used in connection with predicate adjectives. There being no copulative verb in the Chamorro language, the predicate adjective may be con- sidered to have a verbal nature. Mauleg (good) may be translated as to be good. Nouns, when used as adjectives, may also be considered as verbs. The predicate adjective usually precedes the subject. Examples:
mauleg y laje (good is the man; the man is good).
guefmauleg y palauan (the woman is very good).
magajet y sinangan (the story is true).
chago y chalan (the road is long).
cadada y inepe (the reply is short).
cajaga y tijong (the hat is blood-stained).
(/) Adjectives with definite article.
An adjective with the definite article when used in a restrictive clause follows the subject and is connected with it by ni; in a descriptive phrase the relative na (distinct from the adjectival particle na), is used. Examples:
y patgon ni y malango (the child who is sick; expressing: the sick child), y chdlumo ni y dlqniqui (the brother of yours who is little; expressing: your little brother). Descriptive phrases:
guaja niyog gui guima na s6ndangculo (in the house is a very large cocoa- nut). julii untujong na cafachd (I saw a mud-covered hat).
{g) Comparison of adjectives.
Comparison is expressed by the possessive suffix na, followed by que. Examples:
etogona que guajo (smaller in stature than I).
&pacana que jago (whiter than thou). Equality is expressed by the prefix cha. Examples:
chamisacan (as old as).
misacan (old). Equality, but in a lower degree, is expressed by 1& and chat. Examples:
laapac3, (somewhat white).
chat&pac& (poorly white; not white white).
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(h) Reduplication of syllables. Expresses intensification. Examples:
daii^culo (big); dangcuculo (enormous; overgrown j.
gasgas (clean); gasgagas (scrupulously clean).
diquiqui (little); diqvuquiqui (tiny; very small).
(i) Formation of the plural.
Accomplished by the prefix man. Examples:
mauleg na chelo (good brother); manmauleg na mafielo (good brothers).
tailaye na laje (bad man); manailaye na lalaje (bad men).
tunas na chalan (straight road, or street); manunas na chalan (straight roads).
(2) DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES.
(a) This. Expressed by ayen before the predicate (yini or ini after the predicate) of a sentence.
Examples:
ayen na patgon tumatanguis gui puengue (this child cried last night). faisen yini (or ini) na tentago (ask this servant).
(b) That. Rendered by enao. Examples:
enao sija na galago (those dogs). enao na pale (that priest there).
(c) Yoii^ yonder. Rendered by ayo and yuje. Examples:
ayo na guma (yonder house).
diquiqui yuje na patgon (yon small child).
yajo yuje na leblo (I like yonder book).
(d) Adverbs derived from demonstratives. Accomplished by prefixing and absorb- ing gui (signifying in or at).
Examples:
gui yini (literally, in this); giiine (here).
gui yenao (literally, in that); giienao (there).
(3) INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES.
(a) Jayi, 3 aye, jai, or jae denote who? Examples:
jayi sija na taotao? (what people? literally, who people?). jai na rai? (what king? literally, who king?). (6) Jafa, jaf. Although correctly translated what (or which), this word has a much broader use, and in accordance with inflection is utilized to convey a number of meanings, such as greeting, casual inquiry as to purpose, intention, reason, or destina- tion, as well as the state of health, etc. Examples (of correct use): jaf na catoP (what cat?), jafa na guma? (which house?). The choice between the two forms, jafa or jaf, is merely one of euphony.
(c) Mano signifies either tvhere or which. Examples:
mano na leblo? (which book? literally, where book?). jaftaimano na leblo? (what kind of book? literally, what-like book?), (d) Fia, fafia, fiiyai? These forms, signifying how many, are used according to the nature of the nouns they modify. (Very rarely used; replaced by cuanto; cuantos; jaf taimano minegaena.)
u
Fia, used in reckoning time; fafia, used for questions pertaining to the number of persons or li\ing things in general; fiiyai, used in connection with inanimate objects. Examples:
fia puengue? replaced by cuantos dias? (how many days? literally, how
many nights?). fafia na taotao? cuanto na taotas? (how many people?), fiiyai na guma? jaftaimano minegaefia na guma? (how many houses?). Another derived interrogative is tagfiaP, used in questions involving measure- ments, as, for example, tagfian yini na sagman? (how manj' [fathoms long] is this boat?); also fajafa? (how many times?).
(4) INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES.
(a) The limiting adjective guaja signifies there is or there are. Like all other words in Chamorro, guaja may be used as several parts of speech. Examples:
guaja na tuba (some toddy), guaja na lalaje (some men), guaja sija manog (some fowls). guaja sija na guma (some houses). (6) Indefinite adjectives from interrogatives formed by the suffix ja. Examples:
jaeja na taotao (whatsoever person), jayija na laje (whatsoever man).
jafja na guma (whatsoever house). •
manoja na ses§ (whatsoever knife), (c) Negative adjective taya denotes the reverse of guaja, signifying there is not, the equivalent of the French il n'y a pas. Examples:
taya na palauan (no woman), tat janum (no water). {d) Adjectives of quantity or number; megae or lajyan signify much or many; laguaja, several; dididi, a little; y pale, the remaining. Examples:
megae na pution (many stars). lajyan na taotao (many persons). laguaja na famagfton (several children), didide na tuba (a little toddy). ti megae na taotao (not many people), y palo na taotao (the remaining people), (e) Adjectives of comparison. Adverbs of manner, such as taimano, jaftaimano (how, like what, what like, where like) ; taigiiine (thus, Uke this, like here) ; tai- giienao (thus, like that, like there), or taigiiije (thus, like that, like yonder), which are derived from the demonstratives ini, enao, and'yuje, or more directly from the corresponding adverbs of place, giiine, gUenao, and giiije, may be used as adjec- tives before nouns and are connected with the latter by the particle na. Examples:
taigiiine na finatinas (such an act as this; literally, such-like act), taigiienao na leblo (such a book as that [near you]). taigiiije na taotao (such a person as that [yonder]), jaf taimano na leblo malag6mo? (what kind of a book do you wish?), taigiiine na leblo (this kind of a book). (/) Indefinite adjectives adopted from the Spanish. These have become part of the Chamorro language, and are generally used.
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Examples:
catquiera; catquieraja; catquiet (any, any whatsoever).
otro; otro na (the other).
cada; cada uno (everyone).
todo (every, all).
niiino (not one).
mas sea jafa (whatsoever).
NUMERALS.
No mention is made herein of tem, and only a few of the old The modern numerals have been
(a) Cardinal numbers:
un, uno (1). dos (2). tres (3). cuatro (4). sinco (5). sals (6). siete (7). ocho (8). nuebe (9). dies (10). onse (11). dose (12). trese (13). catotse (14). quinse (15). dies y sais (16). dies y siete (17). dies y ocho (18). dies y nuebe (19). bente (20). bente y uno (21). bente y dos (22). bente y tres (23).
the interesting, but now obsolete, old numeral sys- Chamorro numerals are retained in derived words, adopted from the Spanish.
bente y cuatro (24). bente y sinco (25). treinta (30). cuarenta (40). sinquenta (50). sesenta (60). setenta (70). ochenta (80).
nuebenta or nobenta (90). sien or siento (100). dosientos (200). tresientos (300) cuatrosientos (400). quinientos (500). saisientos (600). setesientos (700). ochosientos (800). nuebesientos (900). mil (1,000). dos mil (2,000). tres mil (3,000). dies mil (10,000). unmiyon (1,000,000).
(b) Ordinals:
y fin§nana (the first). y min§, dos (the second).
(Or, y segundo, from the Spanish; y primero, y tetsero, etc., are ale
in use.) y minS, tres (the third). y minS, cuatro (the fourth). y mina sinco (the fifth). y mina sais (the sixth). y mina sais (the sixth). y mina siete (the seventh). y minS, ocho (the eighth). y mina nuebe (the ninth). y mina dies (the'^tenth). y min& onse (the eleventh).
(Ordinals from the Spanish are not used beyond the tenth, desimo. \ dttimo (the last).
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Note. — Both cardinal and ordinal numbers are connected with the noun by the particle na, as, bente na giiiian (twenty fishes). The noun following the numerals remains in the singular; exception is made, however, in the case of nouns forming irregular plural. For example:
tres na taotao (three persons). But:
tres na famagilon (three children). (c) Distributives. Distributives are formed by prefixing the particles fan- and a-, before the cardinal number. The numeral is thus put into verbal form. The prefix f an-a- is changed in the indicative, past and present tense into man-a-. Examples:
man-acuacuatro julo (they were coming up four-by-four). nfan-adiedies magui (they will come here ten-by-ten).
THE PRONOUN.
In the Chamorro language the pronoun has only two forms, namely, the singular and plural, and in this differs from the Tagalog and the Polynesian languages. With verbs the dual is expressed, in certain conjugations, by the singular form of the verb accom- panied by the plural form of the pronoun.
There are two forms for the first person, plural, best designated as being either inclu- sive or exclusive. Example:
jita (we) signifies you and I, therefore inclusive.
jame (we) signifies he or she or they and I, classed as exclusive, as it excludes the person addressed.
THE PERSONAL PRONOUN.
There are two forms of the personal pronoun, styled the long and the short. The first is used when the pronoun precedes the verb, and when the pronoun is used with- out a verb, as in abbreviated sentences and after prepositions. Examples:
guajo fumatinas enao (I did that).
guiya jita (with us; at our house; the French, chez nous). The short form of the personal pronoun is used where the same is preceded by the verb. Example:
chulie yo un manja (bring me a coconut).
SHORT FORM
|
LONG FORM. |
(AFTER VERB |
S). |
|
guajo |
yo |
(1). |
|
jago |
jau |
(thou). |
|
guiya |
gui |
(he; she). |
|
jita |
jit |
(we, inclusive). |
|
jame |
jam |
(we, exclusive). |
|
jamyo |
jamyo |
(you). |
|
sija |
sija |
(they). |
THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN.
The possessive pronoun is expressed differently in the case of (a) persons, (6) ani- mals, and (c) things inanimate.
(a) Indicated by a suffix, as follows:
jo or CO (my).
mo (thy).
na (his; her; its).
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ta (our, inclusive). mame (our, exclusive), miyo (your). nija (their).
(b) In the case of animals: g&jo (my).
gamo (thy).
gana (his; her; its).
gata (our, inclusive).
gamame (our, exclusive).
gamiyo (your).
ganija (their). It will be seen, therefore, that the reference to animals is indicated by the infix gS,. Examples:
y gajo na galago (my dog).
y gamo na manog (thy fowl).
y gana na babul (his pig).
y gata na carabao (our buffalo, inclusive).
y gamame na carabao (our buffalo, exclusive).
y gamiyo na chiba (your goat).
y ganija na nganga (their duck).
(c) In the case of inanimate objects: iyoco -(my).
iyomo (thy).
iyona (his; her; its).
iyota (our, inclusive).
iyonmame (our, exclusive).
iyonmiyo (your).
iyoniiija (their).
THE VERB.
Almost any word in the Chamorro language may be used as a verb, but there are certain words expressing motion, condition, or action, which may be considered true verbs in their primitive form.
Examples:
janao (to go; to walk). maila (to come). saga (to stay). falago (to run). agang (to call out). fapos (to pass). tunog (to descend). basnag (to fall). jag6 (to reach), taga (to cut).
tugue (to write).
taitai (to recite; to read).
ason (to lie down).
nango (to swim).
fato (to arrive).
tanguis (to weep).
guinem, or guimen (to drink).
chule (to carry).
yut§ (to throw away).
pacha (to touch).
In the Chamorro language all verbs are classed as either transitive or intransitive.
Verbs having a certain direct object are classed as transitive.
Example:
taitai enau (or 6nao) na leblo (read that book).
As intransitive are classed (a) verbs denoting motion or position, having no direct object; (6) transitive verbs, when they have no object at all, or when their use indicates an uncertain, indefinite object. Thus, to read, and to read books, are both classed as intransitive, the first, when standing alone, having no object at all, and the second denoting an object insufficiently definite. The conjugation of the verbs applying to (&) is that of the transitive form, with the addition of the prefix fan, the latter being
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modified in the past tense and in the infinitive into man. (The addition of the pre fixes fan or man has the effect of changing the letters following, as in the case of the particle denoting the plural, for instance, chule becomes fanule, etc.).
In the case of some transitive verbs the insertion of the infix um accomplishes the accentuation of the fact that the action described has received previous mention or is already known. For example, when speaking of a book that has already been men- tioned, the form jaye tiunaitai este na leblo ? (who has read this book?) would be used, while jutaitai este na leblo (I have read this book) would indicate reference to a book not known to the person or persons addressed.
Avoiding undue elaboration, the following examples of conjugations have been selected: (a) The transitive verb with a direct object; (6) The transitive verb without a direct object (with the prefix fan-); (c) The transitive verb with the infix lun; (d) The intransitive verb.
(a) the transitive verb with a direct object.
Infinitive:
gagau (to beg). Imperative:
Second person singular, ga-gau. Third person, u-gagau. First person plural, ta-gagau. Second person, ga-gau. Third person, uja-gagau. Present and past tenses:
First, singular (I beg; I begged), ju-gfi,gau. Second, singular, on-gagau. Third, singular, ja-gagau.
First, plural, inclusive, ta-gagau; exclusive, in-gagau. Second, plural, en-gagau. Third, plural, ja-gagau. Note. — For purpose of emphasis the personal pronoun is sometimes added to the verb. Example:
guajo ju-gagau (I beg, I begged). Future:
First, singular (I shall beg), ju-gagau. Second, singular, on-gagau. Third, singular, u-g&gau.
First, plural, inclusive, uta-gagau; exclusive, in-g&gau. Second, plural, en-gagau. Third, plural, uja-gagau. Note.— The orthography in many instances is quite uncertain, therefore attention is invited again to the frequent substitution of i for e and o for u, and vice versa. The uncertain pronunciation of these vowels itself forms probably the fundamental reason for the fact cited, so that it may not be incorrect to designate the substitution of these letters as being permissible through accepted usage. Thus, in the above examples, en may be written for in, un for on, in for en, on for un. The other prefixes remain invariable, and should be remembered, as follows: Present and past tense:
Third person singular, ja. First person plural, ta. Third person plural, ja.
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Future:
Third person singular, u. First person plural, uta. Third person plural, uja. The pluperfect may be formed as indicated in the following example: monj&n ju-gagau; or monjayan ju-gagau; or yesta ju-gagau; or raagpo ju-gagau (to convey: I had begged, or asked; although the literal translation would be / was finished with asking).
(b) transitive verb without a direct object.
Infinitive:
To beg; to ask, man-gagau. Imperative:
Second person singular, fan-gagau.
Third person, u-fan-gagau.
First person plural, ta-faiunan-gagau.
Second person, fanman-gagau.
Third person, uja-fanman-gagau. Present and past tense:
First, singular (I beg; I begged), man-gagau.
Second, singular, man-gagau-jau.
Third, singular, man-gagau-gui.
First, plural, inclusive, manman-gagau-jit; exclusive, manman-gagau- jam.
Second, plural, manman-gagau-jamyo.
Third, plural, manman-gagau-sija. Future:
First, singular (I shall beg), ju-fan-gagau.
Second, singular, on-fan-gagau.
Third, singular, u-fan-gagau.
First, plural, inclusive, uta-fanman-g&gau; exclusive, in-fanman-gagau.
Second, plural, en-fanman-gagau.
Third, plural, uja-fanman-gagau.
(c) transitive verb with the infix "um".
Note. — This exists in the past tense only.
First, singular (I begged), guajo gumagau.
Second, singular, jago gunxagau.
Third, singular, giiiya gumagau.
First, plural, inclusive, jita gumagau; exclusive, jame gumS,gau.
Second, plural, jamyo gumagau.
Third plural, sija gum.agau.
(d) the intransitive verb. Infinitive:
To step down, tumunog. Imperative:
Second person singular, tunog (step down!).
Third person singular, u-tunog.
First person plural, ta-fanunog.
Second person plural, fanunog.
Third person plural, uja-fanunog.
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Present and past tense:
First, singular (I stepped down), tumunog yd.
Second, singular, tumunog jau.
Third, singular, tumunog gui.
First, plural, inclusive, manunog jit; exclusive, manunog jam.
Second, plural, manunog jamyo.
Third, plural, manunog sija. Future:
First, singular (I shall step down), ju-tunog.
Second, singular, on-tunog.
Third, singular, u-tunog.
First, plural, inclusive, uta-fanunog; exclusive, in-fanunog.
Second, plural, en-fanunog.
Third, plural, uja-fanunog. Note. — The formation of the infinitive by the infix una is not followed in the caae of a number of exceptions. For example: Present tense:
basnag yo (I am falling). Infinitive:
manbasnag (to fall).
THE PASSIVE FORM.
There are two constructions to express the passive form of a verb, in which the object of the active verb becomes the subject: (a) By inserting the infix in before the first vowel, and changing o into e and u into i; or (6) by the prefix ma-. Examples:
gode (to bind).
guinede or ma-gode (to be bound).
THE USE OF THE PASSIVE FORM.
(1) If the subject is in the first or second person, the active construction prevails. Examples:
ju-patmada jau (I am beating thee), on-nae-yo (you are giving me).
(2) If the subject is in the third person and the object in the second, the passive form is used, with in inserted.
Examples:
binaba jau as tata (the father is beating thee). manninae jamyo ni leblo (he gives you the book).
(3) If both subject and object are in the third person, either the active or the passive form may be used.
Examples of the passive form: Infinitive:
To be bound, guinede. Past tense:
First, singular (I was being bound), guinede yo.
Second, singular, guinede jau.
Third, singular, guinede giii.
First, plural, inclusive, man-magode jit; exclusive, man-magode jam.
Second, plural, man-magode jamyo.
Third, plural, man-magode sija.
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Future:
First, singular (I shall be bound), ju-magode.
Second, singular, on-magode.
Third, singular, u-magode.
First, plural, inclusive, utafan-magode; exclusive, in-fan-magode.
Second, plural, en-fan-magode.
Third, plural, uja-fan-magode.
THE REFLEXIVE VERB.
The conjugation or inflection of reflexive verbs is the same as that of active verbs with a definite object, except that it is followed by the personal pronoun. Example:
jubale yo (I am waiting on myself). In some instances maisa is also added, as follows:
ja-faaila raaisa gui (he accused himself).
THE CAUSATIVE PREFIX "NA-".
As shown under the paragraphs on adjectives, the addition of the causative prefix na, denoting cause, permission, initiating action, effects the transformation of such adjectives into transitive verbs, and of intransitive verbs into transitive verbs. Examples:
gasgas, adj. (clean).
na-gasgas, v. tr. (to clean; to make clean).
ason, V. i. (to be lying down).
na-ason, v. tr. (to lay down; to put down). In the example following, the addition of the particle fan in the plural, following the prefix na, is to be noted. Example:
jana-gasgas y guima (he is cleaning the house).
janafan-gasgas y guima sija (he is cleaning the houses). In other respects the conjugation follows that of the transitive verb with a definite object. Examples:
If the object is in the singular — Imperative:
Second person singular, na-gasgas.
Third person singular, u-na-gasgas.
First person plural, ta-na-gasgas. •
Second person plural, na-gasgas.
Third person plural, uja-na-gasgas. Past tense :
First, singular, ju-na-gasgas.
Second, singular, on-na-gasgas.
Third, singular, ja-na-gasgas.
First, plural, inclusive, ta-na-gasgas; exclusive, in-na-gasgas
Second, plural, en-na-gasgas.
Third, plural, ja-na-gasgas. Future:
First, singular, ju-na-gasgas.
Second, singular, on-na-gasgas.
Third, singular, u-na-gasgas.
First, plural, inclusive, uta-na-gasgas; exclusive, in-na-gasgas.
Second, plural, en-na-gasgas.
Third, plural, uja-na-gasgas.
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If the object is in the plural — Imperative:
Second person singular, nafan-gasgas.
Third person singular, u-nafan-gasgas.
First person plural, ta-nafan-gasgas.
Second person plural, nafan-gasgas.
Third person plural, uja-nafan-gasgas. Past tense:
First, singular, ju-nafan-gasgas.
Second, singular, on-nafan-gasgas.
Third, singular, ja-nafan-gasgas.
First, plural, inclusive, ta-nafan-gasgas; exclusive, in-nafan-gasgas.
Second, plural, en-nafan-gasgas.
Third, plural, ja-nafan-gasgas. Future:
First, singular, ju-n&fan-gasgas.
Second, singular, on-nafan-gasgas.
Third, singular, u-nafan-gasgas.
First, plural, inclusive, uta-nafan-gasgas; exclusive, in-nafan-gasgas.
Second, plural, en-nafan-gasgas.
Third, plural, uja-nafan-gasgas.
THE RECIPROCAL VERB.
Reciprocal verbs are formed by adding the prefix a-. Example :
gode (to take hold of; also, to bind).
a-gode (to take hold of each other).
AUXILIARY VERBS.
(a) To have. This is translated by guaja or gai, and the negation is expressed by tayS, or tai. Examples:
guaja lebloco (I have a book; literally, there is a book mine; the French,
il y a; or German, es giebt). guaja leblomo (you [thou] have a book). guine guaja lebloco; also jagas guaja lebloco or monjan guaja lebloco
(I had a book; literally, in the past there was a book mine). u-guaj9. lebloco (I shall have a book).
Note. — Guaguaja ja salapSjo stands for I still have some money. taya (the negation) — taya lebloco (I have no book). gai-salape y6 (I have money). man-gai-salap§ jam (exclusive) (we have money), u-gai-salape (he will have money). uta-fan-gai-salape (we shall have money). gai-iyo-jau tujong (you have a hat). gai-ga yo galago (I have a dog).
tai (negation) — tai-magago yo (I have no garment). manae relos jit (we have no clock), taiiyo jau s§se (you have no knife), taiga yo chiba (I have no goat). (6) To be. There is no copulative verb in the Chamorro language, and "to be" is rendered by adjectives, nouns, and adverbs used in verbal form.
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Example : Infinitive:
To be sick, malango. Imperative:
Second person singular (be sick!), malango.
Second person plural, fan-malan^o. Past tense (and present tense):
First, singular (I am sick; I was sick), malango y6.
Second, singular, malango jau.
Third, singular, malango giii.
First, plural, inclusive, man-malango jit; exclusive, man-malango jam.
Second, plural, man-malango jamyo.
Third, plural, man-malango sija. Future:
First, singular (I shall be sick), ju-malango.
Second, singular, on-malango.
Third, singular, u-malan^o.
First, plural, inclusive, uta-fan-malango; exclusive, in-fan-malango.
Second, plural, en-fan -malango.
Third, plural, uja-fan-malango. Note. — In the past tense many attributive verbs take the infix um, as, for instance:
tumaUaye si Jose (Joseph became malicious). Reduplication of a syllable in these verbs indicates equality in a lower degree. Example:
malalango yo (I am somewhat sickly). When used in the sense of the Spanish "estar" or the German "sich befinden," the verb "to be" is rendered by gaigue and the negation expressed by taigue. Examples:
gaigue yo gui guima (I am at home).
man-gaigue jit gui ya jamyo (we are at your house).
u-gaigue gui ya jamyo (he will be at your house).
uja-fan-gaigue gui guima y ch§lujo (they will be at the house of my brother). The past tense is either expressed by an adverb of time, or by "estaba," taken from the Spanish. Examples:
estaba jau gui ya sija? (were you at his house?).
manestaba jit gui ya sija (we were at their house). The use of the negation, taigiie, is illustrated in the following examples:
taigiie yo (I am not present).
manaigiie jit (we are not there).
uja-fanaigiie (they will not be present). A few verbs commencing with fe- are conjugated in accordance with the following paradigm : Infinitive :
To run, falago. Imperative:
Second, singular, falago.
Third, singular, u-falago.
First, plural, ta-fan-malago. ^
Second, plural, fan-malago.
Third, plural, uja-fan-malago.
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Past and present tense:
First, singular (I am running; I ran), lualago yo, etc.
First, plural, man-malago jit, etc. Future :
First, singular, ju-falago, etc.
First, plural, uta-fan-malago, etc. Note the following:
chamo falalago (imperative, do not run!).
sina juialago? (can I run?).
munga yo malago (I do not want to run).
THE prohibitive: do not!
This is translated by chamo, the equivalent of the Latin "noli" or German "woUe nicht! "; in the plural, chamiyo ! Its use is somewhat subject to arbitrary changes, and only a few illustrations are given below: Examples:
ch§,rao fatnoraocat! (do not go!).
chamo falalago ! (do not run !).
chamiyo fanjajanau! (do not go ! [plural]).
chamiyo f anmatatachong ! (do not sit down !).
jatago yo na chajo jumajanau (he commanded me not to go).
janajanau y guaot para chajo tumiitunog (he took away the ladder in order that I may not descend). The negative of "to want to" is expressed by munga, which denotes negation in a milder degree than the positive chamo. Examples: Imperative, in all forms:
m.unga. Past and present tense:
munga yd (I do not want to).
munga jit, or munga jam (we do not want to). Future:
jumuiiga (I shall not want to).
utafanmunga, etc. (we shall not want to). Some verbs always use the possessive pronoun as a suffix. Examples :
yajo (I wish; it pleases me to).
ganaco, or gaoco (I prefer). Examples of defective expressions:
jecua (I do not know).
na-jo, or, as plural, na-ta (give me, or give us, something to eat).
ujo! (take [it]!).
lamen (to be good for something; to be useful).
jaf ulamen este na atbot? (what is this tree good for?).
jaf onlamen giiine? (what are you here for?).
THE ADVERB.
The common adverbs of place and motion are in reality abbreviations of phrases composed of the demonstrative pronouns preceded by the preposition gui, indicating at or to.
Direction away from the speaker is denoted by guato; direction toward the speaker, magui; place or time of an occurrence is rendered by nai.
25
Examples:
guine; este nai (here).
este magui; este magui nai; giiine magui (here! — example: come here !).
giienau; enau nai; giienau nai (there).
giienau guato; enau guato nai (there ! — example: go there !).
giiije; ayo nai (there — at a distance from the speaker).
ayo guato; giiije guato (there! — example: go there! indicating farther dis- tance). Adverbs denoting place or location:
san papa (beneath).
san jilo, or san julo (above).
san mena, or san mona (in front; before).
san tate (behind).
san j alum (inside).
san jiyung, or san juyung (outside).
san catan (in the east).
san lichan (in the west) .
san jaya (in the south).
san lago (in the north) .
gui maguin (on this side of).
gui otro banda (on that side of).
mano; mangui; mano nai (where).
guine mano (whence; wherefrom).
para mano (whither; where to).
masea mano (anywhere).
ni mano (nowhere).
gui todo na lugat; todoja nai (everywhere). The old Chamorro expressions —
gui agapa (to the right);
gui acagiie (to the left) are now seldom used; instead —
san lago (to the north);
san jaya (to the south) have been adopted to express the equivalents of right and left. Adverbs denoting time:
p&go; pago nai (now).
pagoja (immediately).
pago; pago na jaane (to-day).
nigap (yesterday).
y nigapna (day before yesterday).
agupa (to-morrow).
y nagpana (day after to-morrow).
jagas (earlier; sooner).
naya (in earlier times).
taftaf; gui taftaf (early in the morning).
gui 6gaan (morning's).
gui chatanmag (very early — in the dawn).
gui taloane (at noon).
gui pu puengue (in the afternoon) .
gui puengue (at night).
gui paingue (last night).
gui tatalopuengue (at midnight).
gui jaane (in the daytime).
26
Adverbs denoting time — Continued.
desde y abmam. (since olden timea).
seso; megai na biaje; taplung (often).
jalag; ecalag; ti raegai na biaje (seldom).
guaja nai ( a iew times).
taya nai; tat nai; nunca nai (never).
siempre (always).
cada rato (every minute).
cada dia; todos dias (daily).
yesta; esta (already).
trabia (yet; not yet).
talo (once more; again).
atrasao (too late).
lamona (to-night).
jasta lamona (until later).
ngaian?; ngaian nai? (when?).
despues; entonses (then; afterwards).
antes (before). Adverbs denoting comparison, similarity, etc.:
jaf taimano (how?).
perejoja; parejo; taigiiijeja (equal).
taigiiine; taigiienau; taigiiije (as).
calang (as; like as; such as).
mas (more).
menos (less).
junggan; jiio (yes).
magajet (certain)..
sen aje (absolutely not).
ti sina; sumen-tisina (impossible).
mandague (false; wrong).
buente (possibly; perhaps).
megai (much).
dididi (little).
mampos; demasiao (too much).
ada? (possible?).
THE PREPOSITION.
Only the following prepositions are used:
(a) gui (upon; in; at; with). If the preposition g^ui is followed by the articlu, the latter is absorbed.
Examples:
gui y tasi becomes gui tasi (upon the sea). gui iya jita becomes guiya jita (at our house). gui si Juan becomes as Juan (at John's house).
(b) guine (out of; of; from). Example:
guine mano (where from).
(c) nu. This is difficult to translate, as it has a number of different meanings and uses. A few illustrations follow:
ilegna nu sija (he said to them).
si pale jatagpangue y patgon nu y janum (the priest baptized the child
with water). nae jam page nu y agonmame (give us our daily bread). sija manecunggog man atento nu y finofia (they listened carefully to his
words).
27
(d) yan (with; in company of). Instead of this preposition, circumlocution is, sometimes used, as in the following example:
dalalag giii (go with him — follow him).
(e) tai-taya (without). Example:
taya tujojig na; tai tujong; tai tijong- (without a hat). (/) Adverbs denoting place or location are used as prepositions, with san or gui. Example:
gui menan y guima; san m§nan y guima (in front of the house). Prepositions formed with san or gui can be combined with the possessive pronoun. Examples:
gui menamo (before thee).
gui lagona (to his right).
gui jalummiyo (in you).
PREPOSITIONS ADAPTED FROM THE SPANISH.
These have been absorbed into the Chamorro language, and are now in general use. Examples:
para (for).
pot (through).
con (with).
jasta (until).
sin (Avithout).
contra (against).
fuera de (outside of; except).
antra; ental6; gui entalo (between).
THE CONJUNCTION.
ya (and— when used to connect sentences). yan (and— when used to connect words). locue (also). pat (or).
na (that — with a verb in the past tense). nu (that — with a verb in the future tense), guin; yaguin (when — conditional), anai; an nai (when — time), anaija; guinaija; guigonja; anjS, (as soon as). gui nai (when). lau (but). IQ. (nevertheless). sa (then; because). cau (if).
esta-mina (for this reason). enau mina or ayo mina (for that reason). Conjunctions adapted from the Spanish: antes que (before), miantras que (while). despues que (after). entonses (then). con todo que (nevertheless), para que (in order that).
para munga; para chajo (the same; negated). mas sea; masea; mas que sea (although). 4562—18 3
28
THE INTERJECTION.
dl!; diaja!; lii!; liija! (look there!; look!). lau!; adalau! (but!). ujti! (impossible!). ai! (oh!).
mauleg!; maulegjai; nijil (good!; all right!).
gusi!; sajyau!; falago!; macalamyal (let ub go!; off!; quick!; hurry!). lattanau! (away there!). ju!; pu! (fie!; fy!). adaje! (attention!) pacaca! (keep still!; quiet!). Interjections from the Spanish: cuidado! (take care!). ojala! (God grant!). silensio! (silence!). ai de mi! (poor me!). bibo! (quick!). durol (get at it!; work hard!).
ABBREVIATIONS.
n noun or substantive.
adj adjective.
pron pronoun.
V. tr transitive verb.
V. i intransitive verb.
V. tr., v.i transitive or intransitive verb.
adv adverb.
adj., adv adjective or adverb.
"pre-p preposition.
conj conjunction.
interj interjection.
indef. indefinite.
p. adj participial adjective.
pi plural.
p. p past participl e.
(29)
DICTIONARY
OF THE
CHAMORRO LANGUAGE
(31)
PART l.-ENGLISH-CHAMORRO
Note. — ^The author realizes that the greatest usefulness of his work will not be in the direction of aiding Americans in the acquisition of a knowledge of the Chamorro tongue, but rather in the actual help toward a more thorough appreciation of the English language by the Chamorro children. He has not seen fit, therefore, to extend the use of accents in this dictionary to anything resembling scholarly thoroughness and precise consistency. Accents are used in the daily life of the Chamorros but most sparingly, and the practice is that of leaving out, indiscriminately, all but those accents which by their application practically decide the meaning and interpretation, of the word concerned. As in other eastern languages, an absolutely correct interpre- tation and articulation can be acquired only by the help of native teachers, and the extension of the annotation of accents in this work, to constitute a real factor, would offer a return very much out of proportion to the extraneous effort necessary for such an accomplishment.
Hovv'ever, the author anticipates, and hopes, that there will be ambitious Americans and others, even though their number be small, who would wish to be given at least a partial guide toward a correct enunciation (in so far as it can be ascertained from present usage) of the Chamorro idiom, and in the interest of these he has applied special care in the application of accents in theEnglish-Chamorro part of the dictionary under the captions of the letters of the alphabet "a," "b," and "c." It \vill be noted by observant students that the shadings of the letters are indicated painstakingly, especially in the case of the vowel "a," the least variation in the enunciation leaning toward the so-called "Umlaut" (in German) "a" being indicated by the corresponding accentuation. It is hoped that those for whose especial use this practice was adopted will be encouraged by it toward further investigation, and that the purpose of this extra annotation will be realized.
A.
abandon, v. tr.; to leave; to quit; to
leave behind; to forsake; to desert: —
abandona; dingo; desampara. abandoned, adj.; left; forsaken; forlorn;
left alone: — abandonao. abandonment, n.; forlorn condition;
dereliction: — abandono. abate, v. tr.: — na-la^-dididi; na-ld-
diquiqui. abdomen, n.; groin: — aflago; tuyan;
patol. abhor, v. tr.; to hate; to detest: — chatlii. abide, v. i.; to continue; to endure; to
last: — saga; dura, ability, n.: — ninasina; jinilat. abject, adj., adv.; vile; mean-spirited;
base: — despresiao. abjure, v. tr.; to recant upon oath: —
na-nalo y finijo ni y manjula;
ingen renunsia y chat-jinenggue. able, adj.: — guef-ilo; gai-ninasina. able-bodied, adj.: — metgot; robusto.
abolish, v. tr.; to dismiss; to revoke; to countermand; to withdraw: — ytilang; deroga.
abominable, adj.; cursed: — inginon; matdisido.
above all, adv.; at first; for the present: — mona; ya-julol6.
abridge, v. tr.; to cut short; to accele- rate:— na-ca^dada; na-la^gusd; na-la- diquiqul.
abrupt, adj., adv.; sudden: — derepente; enseguidas.
absence, n.: — tina'igiie.
absent-minded, adj., adv.; distracted: — distraido; ja'malefa.
absent, adj.: — taigiie.
abscess, n.; wound; defect; sore: — chetnot.
abstinence, n.; diet; continence; tem- perance:— chinema; choma.
abstinence, n.; temperance; conti- nence : — continensia.
(33)
abundance
34:
advice
abundance, n.; profusion; plenty; super- fluity; overflow: — abundansia; mii- bundanaia; minegiie.
abuse, n.; invective: — linetgue-finijo; mattrato; insutto; deepresio.
abuse, v. tr.; to despise: — despresia; mattrata; mattcHsio; na-mattetsio.
abyss, n.; gulf; hell; precipice: — cantit; siisiilaguau; tina'ifondo.
accelerate, v. tr.; to hiu-ry; to speed on: — apura; na-magu.
accident, n.; untoward event; unlooked- for happemng: — acsidente; desgrasia.
accidental, adj., adv.; casual; fortui- tous:— acsidentemente; ti-majasiTgon.
accommodate, v. tr.: — ajusta; na-a- sentado; na-aya.
accompany, v. tr.; to escort: — gachong- naijon; osgiiijon.
accompanim.ent, n.; escort; convoy; — acconipanamiento; inesgaijon.
accomplish, v. tr.; to reach; to obtain; to attain: — consigue; cumple.
accomplisliment, n.; realization: — quinensigue; quinimple.
accordeon, n.: — atmonico; acotdion; jatmonica.
accounting, n.; bill: — cuenta; dibe.
accounting (to hold an accounting), V. tr.; to call to account: — gagau cuenta.
accumulate, v. tr.; amass; to store up; to heap up: — fa-monton.
accursed, adj.; cursed: — matdisido; matdito.
accurate, adj., adv.; precise; exact; strict: — estricto; ti-lii^Iiiche.
accurate, adj., adv.; exact: — cabales; magajet; umaya.
accuse, v. tr.; to charge some one ■with: — faiiila; jogse; sogne.
accustom, v. tr.: — acustumbra; na- payon (from payon, to become ac- customed to).
Acid, n: — minaa'gsom; asido.
acid, adj., adv.; bitter; sour: — faileg.
acquaintance, n.: — a'tungo.
acquiesce, v. i.; to give one's self up. — confotman maisa.
acquiescence, n.; license; permission: — lisensia.
acquiescence, n.; agreement; approv- al ; — consentimiento.
acquire, v. tr.; to procure by effort; to win by conquest: — conquista; logra.
acquisition, n.: — guinana.
acquit, v. tr.; to absolve; to declare free; to release; to pronounce not guilty: — na-libre; sotta.
acre, n.: — acre.
across, prep.: — desde un banda asta y otro banda.
act, n.; action; deed; creature; work: — finatinas.
act the spy, v. i.; to spy: — ^faininug; piirii espiiin secreto.
active, adj., adv.: — listo; masajegat.
actual, adj., adv.: — fio; papgoagoja.
acumen, n.: — guinefilo; inaciididog.
acute, adj., adv.; ingenious; sensible: — didog jinasona; lucho.
adapt, V. tr.: — ajusta; iireglii; famauleg.
add, V. tr.; toappend; to add to something already said: — anade; nalle; naye.
add up, V. tr.; to sum up: — suma.
adder, n.; viper; asp: — bibora; culebla.
addition, 71.; — sumar; aumento.
adequate, adj.: — ajustao; sufiaiente; umiiyii.
adhere, v. tr.; to stick fast: — umetnon; cheton.
adhere, v. i.; to stick fast: — uma'cheton.
adjacent, adj.; close to: — jijot.
administer, v. tr.; to manage: — go- bietna; miinea; setbe jafa na empleo.
admiral, n.: — admirante.
admire, v. tr.; to regard with, strong ap- proval:—estima; na-milnman.
admire, v. i.; to regard one's self high- ly:— estima; mii^nmiin.
admirable, adj., adv.; delifate; liverly; vivacious; elegant: — aiioso; elegante; ta'ipiirejo.
admit, v. tr.; to allow; to let come to pass: — admite.
admonish, v. tr.; to advise; to caution; to stimulate; to preach: — ^adbiette; cuca; pagat.
admonition, n.; exhortation: — abiso; iniidbiette.
adopt (as one's own child), v. tr.; to select: — adopta; gii'nye.
adore, v. tr.; to worship; to love passion- atelj^ — adora.
adorn, v. tr.; to decorate; to embel- lish:— adotna; dumudus.
adornment, n.; ornament; embellish- ment:— inadotna; adotno.
adrift, adj., adv.; floating at random: — mumaya; mamayil.
adult, n.; one grown up to full size: — esta taotao, {or esta palauan) toa.
advance! interj.; onward! — adelantal sigue mona!
advance, v. i.; to improve; to make progress; to prosper; to thrive: — ade- lanta; adelantao.
advance, v. i.; to precede: — na-fona,
advantage, n.; gain; revenue; yield: — probecho.
advantageous, adj., adv.: — na-ade- lantao; na-gai-probecho.
advent, n.: — adbiento; jijijot; finiito.
adventure, n.: — inariesga; sinesede.
adversary, n.; opponent: — contrario; enemigo.
adverse, adj., adv.: offensive; loath- some:— atcontrario; chuchug.
adver.sity, n.; untoward event; unex- pected circumstance: — contrario; eni- migo; desgrdsia.
advertise, v. tr.: — atan; iitituye iidbiette; fiiisen.
advice, n.; admonition: — inadbiette.
advise
35
ambidexterous
advise, v. tr.: — acoiiseja.
advisor, n.; councillor: — c o n s e j e r o;
a^iiconsejii. advocate, n.; lawj'er; one who speaks
for another; intercessor; favorer: —
abogao. aeronaut, n.: — aeronauta; piloton iiire. aeroplane, n.: — batcon aire, aflfair, n.; concern; matter: — causa, affected, adj., adv.; elegant; foppish: —
chacha. affection, n.; preference: — g'iiinaiya. affectionate, adj., adv.; well disposed
toward some one: — arimao; chijit. affirm, v. tr.: — afitma. afflict, V. tr.; press; clasp; oppi-ess: —
aprieta. aflame, adj., adv.; in flames; ablaze: —
maniiiila. afloat, adj., adv.; floating; adrift: —
maya; mamayii. afraid, adj., adv.; timid; faint-hearted;
fearful: — cobatde; maa^iiao. afresh, af/w.; again; anew: — talo; renueba. aft, adj., adv.; toward the stern of the
ship: — santate g-ui batco. after, adj.; next; subsequent: — despues. afternoon, 7i.: — pupuengue. again, adv.; once more; back again: — •
talo. against, prep.: — contra; yan. age, n.: — edad. age, V. I.; to become old, or childish: —
cumaduco. agency, n.: — manguentataye. agent, n.: — manguentataye; bentero. aggravate, v. tr.; to intensify:—
aumenta; case; catgaye; na-bubo;
na-lamaciit. agile, adj., adv.; quick; prompt: —
cha^dig. agitated, v. i.; to be agitated by a
violent passion: — cuca; n§,-pinalala. ago, a<^^'.; gone; past: — apmam; abmam;
mapos. agony, n.; pangs of death: — agonias;
piniidese. agree, v. i.: — um-a-tungo; umacon-
fotme. agree to, v. tr.; to assent; to concede: —
consede; confotme. agreeable, adj., adv.; obliging; pleas- ing:— ^agradable; na'-magof. agreement,n.; consent: — quinenfotme;
(na — magof) quinensiente. aground, adj., adv.; stranded (a ship): —
dochon gui tanS; ogiin. ah! inter j.: — jal ih! aid, V. tr.; to protect; to patronize; to
favor: — ayuda; fiiborese. air, V. tr.; to ventilate: — na-guinaife;
na-6manglo. air, n.; ventilation: — aire, airship, 7i.; steerable baloon: — batcon
aire, alarm, n.; tumult; disturbance; bustle;
wrangling ; strife : — abiso .
albeit, conj.; although; though; notwith- standing that: — achog; a'chogja. alembic, n.; vessel for distillation: —
catderon manestila; fiinestilayan. alert, adj., adv.; brisk; quick: — ^mac-
alamya. alien, 7i.; foreign-born; resident: — es-
tranjero; tdotao juyoiTg. alike, adj.; resembling; united: — parejo. alimentary canal, 11.: — giietgilero. alive, adj., adv.; vivacious; full of life: —
lala. all, indcf. pron., pron. adj.; entire: —
todo. allege, v. tr.; to affirm; to assert: —
afitma; dofiende jafa na rason. allegiance, n.; fidelity to a country, a
cause, or person: — cumplido gui ma-
gasfia; ti-finabiiba; ti-triniiidute. alleviate, v. tr.; to quiet; to relieve: — na-
alibiao; na-la'-magoiTg. alleviation, n.; mitigation; easing; re- lief:— alibio; descanso. alliance, n.; bond: — aliansa; inetnon. allow, v .tr.; to permit; to consent: — con-
siente; petmite. all right, adv.: — mauleg. ally, n.; confederate: — inetnon. all together! interj.: — todos guigui-
goja ! aUure, v. tr., v. i.; to entice: — tienta;
na-quemiilago. aim, n.: — hmosna. Almighty, n.; the omnipotent God: —
Todojanasina. almost, adv.; nearly; but little was lack- ing:— cana; cii^naja. almost, adv.; nearly: — casi. almost light, n.; dawn: — canS, manana. alone, adj., adv.; single; by itself: —
asolas; maisa.
alone, adv.; only: ja (suffix).
along, adv.; along with: — yan- (prefix).
alphabet, n.: — atfabeto.
also, adj., adv.; too; besides: — contodo;
locue. altar, n.: — attat. altar of incense, n.: — attat y paupau
(also written: paopao) sija. alteration, 11.; mutation; variation;
shift: — yinilang; tiniliiica. altitude, n.; height: — altura; lineca. always, adv.: — siempre. amass, v. tr.; to heap up; to join: —
amontona; na-etnon. amassed, p. adj.; piled up; hoarded;
cumulated: — numa^-etnon; numa'-
monton. amaze, v. tr.; to confound or stun with
fear; to astonish: — jong'aiig. amaze, v. i.; to be amazed; to be stunned
with fear: — ^majiigarTg. ambassador, n.: — embajadot. ambidexterous, adj., adv.: — fafajdna;
todoja jii julat umiitiende; todoja y doa
canai fafajdiia.
ambulance
3G
approach
ambulance, n.: — careton para ma- laTigo pat para ayudon raalango taig^Liije yan guaja guera.
ambush, n.: — jiniguef; emboscada.
amenable, adj.; easy to lead; submis- sive:— osgon.
American, n.: — americano.
amiable, adj., adv.; lovely: — amable; gofliiyon.
amiabieness, n.: — minamis.
amicable, adj.; friendly; peaceable: — ta'iadisgusto; timimumo.
amid, prep.; among; between:— ental6; entre.
amiss, adj.; wrong; faulty: — isao; lache.
among, prep., adv.; amongst; amidst: — entre; (^ntalo.
amour, n.; love affair {also lover, or gallant): — a^giiaiya; guinaiyii.
ample, adj.; full; abundant: — abund- ansia; sufiisiente.
amuse, v. tr., v. i.; to entertain; to talk; to say; to utter; to speak: — adingan; adiiigiine; entretiene.
amusing, adj., adv.; ludicrous: — na- chalig.
anatomy, n.: — estudion tataotao.
ancestors, pn. I.: — manaina.
anchor, n.: — aiigcla.
anchor, v. tr.; to throw out the achor: — sotta y aiigcla.
anchor, v. %.; to lay at anchor: — ma- aiigcla.
anchor, v. i.; to come to anchor: — angcla; ma-angcla.
anchoring grounds, n.;— angcla; fanangclayan.
ancient, adj., adv.; old: — antigo.
and, conj.: — yan.
anecdote, n.; brief narrative of enter- taining character: — estoria.
angel, n.: — angjet (plural, angjeles).
anger, n.; bitterness: — binibo; escan- dalo; liniilalo.
angry, adj.; provoked: — bubo; lalalo.
animal, n.: — gaga.
animal, adj., adv.; bestial; brutish: — gaga; iyon.
annihilate, v. tr.; to destroy: — destrosa; na-falingo.
anniversary, n.: — anibetsario; cumple ailos.
announce, v. tr.; to herald; to publish: — anunsia.
announcement, n.; public notice; proc- lamation:— bando.
announce, v. tr.; to publish; to pro- claim : — bandonnaijon.
annoy, v. tr.; to molest: — joroba; molestia; na-cha'tsaga.
annoyance, n.; molestation: — jineroba; minelestia.
annoying, adj., adv.; troublesome: — jijoroba; mimolestia.
annual, adj.; yearly: — cada sacan.
annul, v. tr.; to make void; to abolish: —
na-taibale. another, adj.: — otro. anomalous, adj.; irregular: — echoiig. answer, v. tr.; to reply: — contesta. ant, n.: — otdot. ant fly, n.: — betmiyon. anteroom, n.; waiting room: — ante-
camara; clasencuarto (a kind of room), antiquity, n.; great age: — b i n i j o;
iniibmau;inantigo; taotao mona. (This
is also the name of the much-feared
spirit of Guam, ' ' the man of antiquity . " ) anvil, n.: — yungque. anxious, adj., adv.; scrupulous: —
cha'chatjinaso; escrupuloso; lulujan;
pinalalala.
any, adj.; any soever: — -algun.
anyone, pron.; whosoever: — cuatquiet;
ruatquiera or cuatquieraja. apart, adv.; aside: — apatte. apart frora that, adv.; besides; more- over:— ademas. ape, n.; monkey: — maching. aperture, n.; opening; hole; cavity: —
abettura; iitbettura. apiary, ?i.; beehouse: — sagan obeja. apologize, v. tr.; to express regrets: —
gagao asi-i. apology, n.: — guinagao asi-i. apostle, n.: — apostoles. apparent, adj., adv.; seeming: — cad6. appear, v. %.; to make appearance: —
fato; jaingue. appearance, n.; vision: — ^linii; ma-lii. appease, v. tr.; to calm; to compose; to
pacify: — na-famatquilo; namagof. appeased, adj.; assuaged: — aplacao;
mana-magof; or nina-magof. append, v. tr.; to attach: — ni,ye; naye
guato. appendix, n.: — inaiiade. appetite, ti.; desire; inclination: — ganas. apple, n.: — raansana. applicant, n.: — y manaplilica. application, n.; utilization; diligence: —
aplicasion. apply, V. tr.; to apply a warm poultice: —
bentosa. applying chastisement, r. tr., v. i.;
to wield the rod: — na-belembau y
latigo; latigaso. appoint, v. tr.; to determine; to fix; to
intend; to design; to direct; to order: —
destina. appointment, ?i.; — tinag6. appreciate, v. tr.; to value: — agradese;
gueflamen; tasa. apprehension, n.; anger; vexation: —
minajalang; pesadumbre; binibo. apprehensive, adj., adv.; cowardly;
timorous: — dangue. apprentice, ?i..' — aprendis. approach, v. tr.; to draw nearer: —
chijit; subida.
approach
37
at
approach, n.: — subida.
approbation., ?i; sanction: — aprobasion.
appropriate, v. tr.; to appropriate
something not one's own; to take for
one's own something belonging to
another or others: — chengle; chi-
nei'igle. approval,?!.; acquiescence; agreement: —
consentimiento. approve, v. tr.; to assent to; to allow: —
aprueba. April, 11.: — abrfl; lumuju. apron, n.: — bagai; ta])is. arable, adj.; fit for the i)low: — aladuyon;
sina ma alado. arbor, n.;— enraiziada. arch (of a building, or of the bow), n.: — •
a'tcos. arched, adj.: — mama-a'tcos. arch of victory, n.: — a^tcos guinana. archangel, n.: — atcangjeles. archbishop, n.: — atsobispo. architect, n.: — y ro.am.atitina3 planon
guraa. arciiive, n.: — atchibo. ardent, adj., adv.; eager; zealous:—
empenao; empeiioso. /
argue, v. i.; to debate: — atgiiir. argument, n.; controversy: — iniigua-
guat; rason. arid, adj.; dry; barren: — anglo. arise, v. i.; to rise; to get up: — -na-cajulo. ark (of the covenant; Noah's), n.:—
atca. arm, n.; hand: — canai. armchair, n.: — siyan gai-canai. armament, n.; ecjuipment (military): —
atmadura; trastes guera. armor, n.; cuirass: — magagon lulog
para macubre y tataotao yan guaja
irdmo. armpit, n.: — afafa. arms, n.: — atmas; canae. army, n.; host:— milisia; ejetsito. arouse, v. tr.; to wake up; to awake: —
pangon. arrange, v. tr., v. i.; to order; to prepare;
to make ready; to dispose: — aregla;
dispone. arrange, v. tr.; to arrange proportion- ately : — na-chilong . arrange, v. tr.; to set in order; to try on;
to settle (a loan): — ajusta. arrange, v. tr.; to inaugurate; to estab- lish; to introduce: — establese; planta. arrangement, n.; management; order;
disposition: — areglo; inencatga. arrest, v. tr.; to seize: — aresta. arrival, n.: — finato. arrive, v. i.; to appear: — fato. arrow, n.: — flecha. artful, adj.; cunning: — ja-tungo
umatte. article of faith, n.: — attlculon jin-
enggue. artificial, adj., a rf i;..-— ininajuyong
taotao.
ascension of Christ, n.: — asension.
ascension (ossumption) of Mary, the Virgin, n.. — asunsion.
ashamed, adj., adv.; shamefaced: — mamajlau (mamajlao).
ashamed, v. i.; to be ashamed: — mama- jlau.
ashes, n.; cinders; embers: — apo; senisa.
ask, V. tr., v. %.: — f arisen; gagau.
ask alms, v. i.; to beg: — gagau.
ask, V. tr., v. i.; to interrogate; to ques- tion : — f arisen.
aslant, adj., adv.; awry; sloping; ob- lique:— eguiiig; egueiig.
as, adv.; like as; such as: — calan.
aspersion, n.; slander; defamation: — enredos; inada.
assail, v. tr.; to attack; to fall upon (applies especially to an attack of many upon one): — agogiiiye.
assail, v. tr., v. i.; to seize; to attack; to revolt; to rebel; to mutiny: — embeste.
assembled, adj.; chinichili; umachuli.
assembly, n.; group; society: — inetnon; junta.
assent, v. tr.; to agree to; to concede: — consede.
assert, v. tr.; to maintain: — na-dana; na-asigura.
assimilate, v. tr.; to absorb: — na-a'ya; na-parejo.
assist, V. i.; to help; to succor; to be of service : — asiste .
assist, V. i.; to give advice; to counsel: — aconseja.
as soon as, conj.; so soon as: — asi que; enseguidas que.
as soon as possible, adv.: — cuanto antes.
assort, V. tr.; to classify: — na-a''disa- patta y clase; na diferentes clase.
assuage, v. tr.; to appease; to soothe; to calm; to make gentle: — apasigua,
assuaged, adj.; appeased: — aplacao.
assume, v. tr.; to take for granted: — chiile pot manae pat (or) potmata- go; chule pot banidd.
assumption, n.: — binanidoso.
assure, v. tr.; to make sure or certain: — na-fltme; ni-meton; na-seguro.
asthma, n.: — guja; ja^-guja.
asthmatic, adj.: — ja^-guja.
astounded, adj., adv.; wondering: — manman.
asunder, adv.: — majlog; uma'desapatta.
as well ... as also . . . : — tanto . . . como . . .
as v/ell as, conj.; as also; so as: — asi co- mo.
at (at 11 o'clock): — a (a las onse).
at first, adv.; for the first; above all; for the present: — mona.
athwart, adj.; crosswise; oblique: — opagat; crus; umencriis.
at last; finally: — pot fi.n.
at least, adv.; at any rate: — siquiera.
at leisure, adj., adv.: — osioso.
at
bamboo
at my expense: — ^g-ui gastoco. atone, v. tr.; to expiate; to make repara- tion; to give satisfaction; to pay; to
reconcile: — apase; empas. atonement, n.; penance: — penitenaia. at once, adv.: — enseguidiis. at one time ... at another time . . . :
guaja nai . . . guaja nai . . . attach, V. tr.; to fasten; to connect with: —
asegura; na-cheton; na-fitnae; naina-
y;ajet; nameton. attack, V. Ir.: — que-julat. attack (especially an attack of sickness;
a shock; a fit), n.: — achagque; ataque. attack suddenly, v. ir.; to surprise (the
enemy); to penetrate: — jatme. attack, V. tr., v. i.; to assail; to seize; to
revolt; to rebel; to mutiny: — embeste. attack, V. tr.; to take hold of; to press in
(example, to press a cork into the
bottle); to cleave a way through: —
joiio; tugong. attack of cramps attain, v. tr., v. i
(with the hand);
tiica. attempt, v. tr.; to try:
tienta. attend, v. tr.; accompany: — ijcompaiia;
iitiende. attendance, n.; presence: — guinaigue;
pres(''nsia; sanmena. attention, n.: — atension; inatiende;
iniitituye. attorney, n. — abogao. attribute, v. tr.; to rate; to put down to
some one's account; to lay the responsi- bility of . . .on some one: — achaca. auction, n.: — atmoneda.
n.: — calamle. to reach; to seize to grasp: — ga^cha;
-chague; ensayo;
audacious, adj., adv.; insolent; bold: —
descarao; saguat. audible, adj.; capable of being heard: —
ecungucon; juiTgucon. August, n.: — agosto; tenjos. aunt, 71.;— tia. auspicious, adj., adv.; well disposed;
favorable: — faborable. automobile, n.: — calesan sin gaga;
automobit. avarice, n.; cupidity: — codlsia; liniitgii. avaricious, adj., adv.; envious; grudg- ing:— chattau; liitga. avenge, v. tr.; to exact retribution for; to
revenge : — emog. average, n.: — inacompara; pot todo;
totat. aviary, n.; inclosure for keeping birds: —
sagan pajaro. aviator, n.: — piloton aire, avoid, V. tr. — sujaye. avoid (to avoid sin), v. tr.; to turn out of
the way; to evade: — ebita. awake (to awake the reason): — des-
pabila. av/aken, v. tr.; to wake up: — fagmata. award, v. tr.; to adjudge; to bestow: —
jusga. away! interj.; out of the way with it! —
suja!
awful, adj., adv.; solemn; dreadful: —
namaaiiao. awe, n.; reverential fear: — minaanao. awl, n.: — alesna. awry, adj., adv.; sloping; oblique;
aslant: — egueng; eguiiig. axe, n.: — acha; gachai. axis (of a wagon), n.: — eje.
B.
babble, v. i.; to prattle: — cumuentos.
babbler, n.: — ga-cumuentos.
baby, n.: — nene.
bachelor, n.: — sottero.
back, n.: — tatalo.
backbone, 11.; spine: — espinaso.
backwards, adv.: — janaotate; de buelta.
bad, adv., adj.; evil; wicked; mischiev- ous:— camten; ta^iliiye.
bad example, 71.: — mal ejemplo.
bad spirit, n.: — chat-ante.
bag, n.; pocket: — botsa.
bail, V. tr.; to insure; to improve; to make good an assertion; to give credit: — abona; apAse; na-magajet; na-lamauleg.
bail,n.;security; warranty : — fiansa; finia.
bait, n.: — catnada; pugue.
bait, V. tr.; to allure: — catnadaye; mojmo; pugue.
bake, v. tr.; to bake in a pan; to fry, without fat: — afiito; na-tosta.
bake, v. tr.; to bake or fry too avcU; to burn in frying: — quemado; na-gu6f- aflito.
baker, n.: — panadero.
baking oven, n.; oven; hearth: — jotno.
balance, n.; perfect equality of two
weights; equipoise; equilibrium: —
cliina'-uiigag. balance, v. tr.; to make equal: — acha^-
uiigag. balcony, n.; porch: — batcon. bald, adj.; bare: — dagngas; gAsgas. baldliead, ?i..- — catbo; dagngas. bald spot (on the head), n..- — dinagngas. ball (rifle ball), n.: — bala. ballast, n..- — lastre. b alio Oil, n.: — lobo. balm., n.: — batsamo; dinichoso; mina-
gong; quinensuela. balm, V. tr. ;to embalm: — naye batsamo. babiiy, adj.: — na-jomlo; na-magof;
paiipau (also written: paopao). balsam, n.: — amatgoso. balsam, n.; erabaiming fluid : — bat.samo. bamboo, 11.; reed; cane: — cubo; piau
(also, piao). bamboo pipe, n.; reed pipe: — chigand6
piau.
bamboo rod
39
become
bamboo rod, n.; rod: — piau; piao. ■bamboo receptacle (\iwd in carrying
the juico of the cx-oa pahn, the tuba),
n.: — bong-bong; fagot; also called ba-
jadot. banana (the ripe banana), n.; — aga
(different kinds of bananas; aga dama;
aga dedo; galayan; jalum tano; jaya;
manila; tanduque). banana plant (also the banana fruit,
v.'hile green), n.: — -chotda. banana plantation, n.: — fanot-dayan;
monchon chotda. band, n.: — guede; sinta. band, n.; orchestra of musicians: — •
capiya; banda. bandage (for any wound), n.: — bee. bandage, v. ir.; to take up: — bee. bandit, ?i..- — bandolero; tulisan. banish., v. ir.; to exile; to drive out; to
expel; to expel from the country: —
destilado. bank, n.: — banco, banker, n.; money changer; exchanger: —
banquero. bankrupt, adj.: — insotbente; quiebra. bankruptcy, n.: — finaiingo; minafag. banner, n.; flag: — bandera. baptism, n..-— bautismo; tinagpaiigue. baptize, v. fr.; to christen: — tagpaiigue. bar, n.; long piece of wood or metal: —
bareta; barote. bar, V. tr.; to bolt; to bolt the door: —
tranca; trangca; choma. barbed wire, Ji.: — alamlen tituca. barbarian, n.: — batbaro {Spanish); y
brute: bastos; tailaye yan malamana
na taotao. barbarous, adj., adv.; cruel; terrible;
dreadful; fierce: — na-maaiiao; tailaye. barber, n.: — batbero. bare, adj.; bald: — catbo; dagiigas. bark n.; barque; three-masted sailing
vessel: — batco; modoiig. barking (of a dog), n.: — jau jau (also:
jao jao). bark, v. i.; to bellow; to howl: — jaujau. barley, 7i.: — sebada. barometer, n.: — ba-rometro. barracks, n.; quarters: — cuattel. barrel, n.; cask: — bariles. barren, adj.; unfruitful: — cha't-tano; ti
fafanago. barre:n, adj., adv.; dry; arid; destitute of
moisture : — anglo . barter, v. i.; to trade: — ^na-atulaica;
tuliiica. base, n.; foundation: — basa; fondo;
yapapapa. base, adj., adv.; abject; vile; mean- spirited:— despresiao; ta'gpapa; tai-
setbo. base man, n.; a vile man: — jenngan;
tailaye; traidot. basin, n.; circular vessel for holding
vrater; wash basin: — palaiiggana.
basket, n.: — canastro or canastra. basket (of large size; made of fiber), n.: —
chucubite. basket (local name for a small basket
carried on the back), n.: — cheop. basket (made from cocoa-palm leaves;
not very durable), n.: — ala (the same,
but doubled, n., alan togtog). basket (for victuals), n.: — costat-teiig-
guang. basketwork, n.; braided work: — finilag;
tinifog. bass, n.; bass voice: — bajo. bass viol, n.; double bass: — beolon. basting thread, n.: — jilon chotda. bat (in the vernacular called the flying
dog), n.: — faniji. bath, n.: — bano. bathe, v. tr., v. i.; to take a bath: — omag;
masupog. bathroom, n..- — bano. bathtub, n.: — bano; fandmagan; tina
para umomag. battalion (a body of infantry), n.: —
batayon. battery, n.: — bateria. battle, n.: — bataya. battle, v. i.: to quarrel: — mumo. bay, n.: — bajia; bocana {Sp.); finagudg-
salo; tase; tasi. beach, n.; seashore: — inai; oriyan tasi. beak, n.: — pico.
be alike, v. tr.; to happen simultaneous- ly:— pare jo; umiiya. beans, n.: — abichuelas. bear, v. tr.; to give birth to; to bring
forth: — fanago; na-juyung. bear, n.: — oso. bear in mind, v. tr., v. i.; to remember: —
jasayaijon; jiiso; jinasoniiaijon. bearded, adj.: — gai-batbas. beardless, adj.: — depots! taibatbas;
lampiuo. beat, i'. tr.: — dongdong; julat; tutu. beat, V. tr.; to chastise: — saulag. beat, V. tr.; to beat on the head: —
dacot. beat, V. tr.; to pound: — dong-dong;;
tutu. beat, V. i.; to make mellow; to make
tender: — acha. beat, V. tr.; to wound: — lamen; na-
lamen. beat soundly, v. tr.; to cudgel: — galute. beating, n.: — garotaso. beautiful, adj., adv.; handsome; pretty;
neat; nice (speaking of girls): — bonita;
gatbo; samai. beaAitify, r. tr.: — na-bonito; na-gatbo. beautiful weather, n.: — gof-jaane. because, prep.; on account of: — pot
(Sp.); sa; siempre-sa. be careful! interj.; care! beware! — •
adaje ! cuidao ! become angry, v. i.; to get angry: —
bubo; caloja; lalalo.
become
40
bird
become filled, with mud (speaking? of
the harbor), v. i.; to sink (into the mud
bottom of the lagoon): — ma-atasca. become old or childish, v. i.: — cuma-
duco. become strong, v. i.; to take root: —
fumitme; man-jale. becoming, adj.; seemly; proper: —
chnmilong; propio; umaya. bed, n.: — cama. bed, V. %.; to lay stretched out in
bed: — ason. bed, V. i.; to lay down on the bed: —
ason.
bed, V. i.; to go to bed: — ason. bedbug, 71.; — chenche.
bed frame, n.: — catre. bed sheets, n.; coverlet; sheet: — sab anas.
bee, n.;— abeja.
beef, n.: — catnen-guaca; guaca. beer, n.: — setbesa. beeswax, n.: — daiigues-abeja; sera. beetle, n..— gaga taigiiiji y papagpag. befall, V. i.; to happen: — jotgue;
susede. before, adv., prep.; in front: — antes de;
antes que; mona; mena. beg, V. tr.; to entreat: — suplica (Sp.);
tayuyut. beg, V. %.; to ask alms: — umegagau
(also: umegagao). beggar, n.: — gagagau; yumegagau
lemosna. begin, v. tr.; to start; to commence: —
ma-tutujon; tutujon; tutujune. begone! interj.; go away! — unjanao! behave, v. tr., v. i.; to conduct one's
self; to demean: — adaje; manea. behave! interj.: — quieto! behead, v. tr.: — degiieya. behind, adv.; in rear of: — tate; taten. being, n.; substance; matter: — giiiniya;
jinafa; sustansia. be in debt, v. i.; to owe: — dibe; man-
dibe. belated, adj., adv.: — atrasao; ma-diiigo. belch, v. %.; to eructate: — fonton. beUef, n.; faith: — fe; jinenggue. believe, v. tr.: — jonggue. beheving, adj., adv.; devout, true: —
manjonggue. bell, n.: — campana. beUow, V. i.; to howl; to bark: — jaujau. bellow^s, n.: — fueyes. bell tow^er, n.: — campanayo. belly, n.; abdomen; stomach: — ttiyan;
tiyan. belong to, t). i.; to pertain to: — iyon. beloved, adj.; dear: — ma-goflie; neiia. below, adv.; under; beneath: — gui papa;
papa; san papa. belt (for the waist), n.: — coreas; senedot;
oiutoron. belt (leather strap holding the sandals),
Ti.: — coreas doga; cotdon. bemoan, v. i.; to grieve; to lament: —
majalangue; pinitiye; tAngse.
bend, v. tr.; to curve; to make crooked: —
dobla; tecon. bend, v. i.; to bend down the body: —
aso; maiigag. bend, v. tr.; to curve; also to touch with
emotion; to move the feelings of: —
gaom, benevolent, adj., adv.; well-meaning: —
guef-tao; mangoflfe. bend over, v. tr.; to fold over; to bend
the knees: — dobla. bend the knees, v. i.; to kneel: — dimo. benign, adj., adv.; gracious; good; kind- hearted: — -mauleg; yoase. bent, adj., adv.; curved; crooked; also
inclined to do wrong; forbidden: —
echong; eclau; lilico. berry, n.: — diquiqui mefgo na fruta
na gae pepitas; tinegcha. berth, n.; sleeping place on board
ship: — camarote gui batco. beside, adv.; in the proximity of; near
to: — canton; fion; gui fion; oriyan. besides, adv.; moreover; apart from
that: — ademas; fuera de. be silent, v. i.: — famatquilo; pacaca. bespatter with mud, v. tr.: — na-ca-
fache. best, adj.; most desirable: — ^mas-
mauleg. bestial, adj., adv.; brutish; animal: —
iyon gaga, bet, n.; wager: — aposta. bet, V. tr., v. i.; to wager: — aposta. betel leaf, n.: — populo. betray, v. tr.; to be untrue to: — fababa;
failajye; traidute. betrayal, n.; treason: — traision (Sp.);
trinaidute. betray, v. tr.; to be treacherous to: —
traidute. better, adj.: — maulegna. between, prep.; amid; among: — ental6. bew^are! interj.; be careful! — adaje! beware, v. i.; to have a care; to be
attentive: — adaje. bewitch, v. tr.; to cast a spell over: —
cajnaye; na-miinman; na-nganga. beyond, prep.; on the farther side of: —
guejiyong; sanjiyoiig; y otro banda. beyond measure, adj., adv.; superflu- ous : — demasiao. bible, n.: — biblia; historia sagrada. bicycle, n.: — bisicleta. bid, v. tr.; to make an offer of: — combida;
jujo; ofrese; soyo. bier, n.; bed: — andas; aiiggariya. hig hearted, adj . , ac??;.;— gueftau, (also:
gueftao). bilious, adj.; choleric:— bilioso (Sp.) bill, n.; accounting: — cuenta; cuentas;
tinifong. biUiards, n.: — biyat. bind, I', tr.; to fasten; to tie on:— funut;
gode. bind lightly, v. tr.; to put a slender
hoop around a barrel: — tvijut. bird, n.: — guegpo; pajaro.
birth
41
born
birth, 71.; — ma-faflago; manage; patto. biscuit, n.: — biscocho; gayetas. bishop, n.: — obispo. bit, 11.; morsel; mouthful: — bocao. bite, V. tr.; to crush or pierce with the
toeth; to gnaw; — aca. biting, adj., adv.; sharp; mordacious: —
calactos; dadiiu; pa'pago. bitter, adj., adv.; sour; acid: — mala'et;
nii-faileg. black, adj., adv.: — atilong. blacken, v. tr.: — na-atilong. blacksmith, n.: — jerero. blacksmith shop, n.: — fragua. bladder, n.: — bejiga; nayan-meme. blamable, adj.; culpable; guilty: — cul- pable (Sp.). blame, v. tr.; to find fault with; to cen- sure; to reprimand: — corije; sogne;
tacha. blank, adj.; free from writing; empty:—
bianco; gasgas; giieco. blanket, n.; covering: — eno; sab an as-
lana. blasphemy, n.: — blasfemia; dispara-
teria. blaze, n.; a body of flame: — manila. bleach, v. tr.; to remove color: — blang-
quea; na-apaca. bleed, v. i.;— majaga; na-majaga. blend, n.; mixture: — dinana. blend, v. tr.; to mix; to mingle: — danS.;
na-dana. bless, V. tr.; to praise; to commend; to
extol: — bendise; tuna, blessed, adj., adv.; fortunate; lucky: —
dichoso. blessedness, n.: — dinichoso. blessing, n.: — bendision; tinina. bhght, n.; blast in the crop: — quinatot
y tinanum. blind, adj., adv.: — bachet. blink, V. i.; to twinkle; to wink: —
achetgue; chaliimlam. bhss, n.; happiness: — felisidad (Sp.);
minagof. blister, n.:- — mama-bejiga; pagpag. block (of wood, stone, etc.), n.: — pedaso. blond, adj.; red-haired: — bermejo; bet-
mejo. blond, n.: — ^jaga. blood-letting, v. tr.; to let blood; to tap
blood : — desanggra. bfood-poisoning, n.; gangrene: — cang-
grena. bloody, adj., adv.: — bula-jaga; mejga. bloom, v. i.; to blossom: — man-flores. blot, n.; spot; stain: — mancha. blot; I', tr.; to spot; to stain: — na-
mancha. blotter, n.: — secante. blouse, n.: — blusa; calo na magago. blow, v. i.; to breathe: — jaja. blow, v. i.; to sway: — goja; sopla. blow with the fist, n.; cuff: — dinem6. blow (speaking of the wind), v.. i.: —
guaife.
blow, n.; stroke; knock: — dinengdong;
gotpe. blue, adj., adv.; cerulean; azure: — asfit. bluish, adj., adv.: — asustit. blue, V. tr.; to color or dye blue: — na-
astit. bluff, adj.; rising steeply or boldly
(speaking of mountains, rocks, etc.): —
boca; loca na acho pat ogso. bluff, V. tr.; to deceive: — dague; esitane;
fababii. blunt, adj.; not sharp: — nano; ma-
jefong. boar, n.: — balaco. board, n.; table :^ — tabla. boast, v. i.: — bumanidoso; tunan-maiea. boaster, n.; braggart: — banidoso; fan-
tasioso. boat, n.: — bote, boat hook, n.; hook: — gancho. boatswain, n.: — contramaestro. bodice, n.; waist: — cotse; chinina. bodkin, n.: — ^ponson; puiiat-alesna. body, n.; the human body: — tataotao.-' body of stagnant water, n.; puddle;
mudpuddle: — atasca; fanatascayan. bog, n.; tract of wet, spongy ground: —
fache; sesonyan. boil, V. i.; to cook: — loclog. boil, V. i.; to cook with fat: — cado. boil, V. tr.; to boil in water: — chancocha;
sotne. boisterous, adj.; vehement; impetuous;
violent; passionate; stormy: — duro;
fijom; rebottoso; arebatao. bold, adj., adv.; courageous; audacious;
forward: — a totgante; descarao;
saguat; matatnga. bolt, V. tr.; to bolt the door: — trangea;
sorojo. bolt, V. i.; to start forward like a bolt: —
manugong. bolt, n.; door lock: — sorojo. bolt, n.; a long step: — inagua. bomb, n.; pump: — bomba. bombard, v. tr.; to attack with bombs: —
bombatdea; yotte bombas. bombard, v. tr.; to shoot at; to fire
upon: — bianco; bombatdea; flecha. bond, n.; obligation: — obligasion. bone, n.: — piema; tolang. bonnet, n.: — bonete {Sp.); gora; tujong. book, n.: — leblo. bookkeeper, n.: — tenedot de libro
{Sp.). boom, n.; spar: — botalon. boots, n.: — botas. border, v. tr.; to encompass; to inclose: —
engatsa; oriyate ; oriyaye . border, n.; end: — canto; chin; oriya. border, n.; edging; galoon lace; stripes
(on officers' uniforms): — galon. bore, V. tr.; to tire; confound; to em- boss:— na-dogae; na-oson. bore, V. tr.; to bore through; to pierce
through: — dulog; taladro. bom, V. i.; to be born:— ma-fanago.
borough
42
bring
borough, n.; a corporate town: — song- song; l)iya. boiTow, ('. /r.; to obtain on loan: —
iiyao; na-ayiio. bosom, n.; the breast: — pecho; jaof;
Kinjiilom pecho. boss, n.; master; foreman: — acomosinao;
maeytro {Sp.). bother, v. tr.; to molest: — ^atborota;
niol6stia. bottle, n.: flask: — boteya; frasco.' bottom of the sea, n.; sea bottom: —
fondo. __
bough, n.; twig; branch: — dinga; ramas. boulder, n.; large stone: — dangculo na
acho. bound, V. tr.; to bound; to fence a
field: — colat; lelicui; oriyaye. boundary, n.: — checho. bouquet, n.; nosegay; bunch of flow- ers:— ramiyete. bo"w, V. i.: — cottesia; tecon. bow, n.: — atcos. bowels, n.; intestines: — -tilipas. bower, n.: — enramada; sagayan. bowl, n.: — cascara; tasa; tason. bow-legged, adj., pron.; person with
crooked legs:— changco. bowling (game), n.: — ^juego de bolas. box, n.; chest:— caja; caujau; cajou. box, n.; tin box: — ^lata. box on the ear, v. tr.: — ^bofetada;
desca. boy, n.;— ^laje; muchacho (Sp.); patgon. brace, n.; bandage: — bee; bendas. bracket, n.: — puntat. bracelet, n.; arm ring: — ^brasaletas;
putseras. brag, V. tr.; to become vain or proud: —
bumanidoso. braggart, n.; boaster; swaggerer: — ^bani-
doso; balenten pachot; fantasioso. braid of hair, n.; tress; plait; queue;
pigtail: — aqueyo; filag. braid, v. tr.; to braid the hair; to braid
a rope (not to weave): — filag. brain, n.; reason; marrow: — titanos. brake, n.; wagon brake: — agramadera;
para nu ma silgii pat (or) nu ma para. branch, n.; bough; twig: — ding-a; ramas. branch (of a cocoa palm; applies to a
branch fallen from the tree and dried),
n.: — jagasas; bayag. brandish, v. tr., v. i.; to swing; to wave: —
na-gupo; yalibao. brass, n.: — bronse; laton. brave, adj., adv.; courageous; capable: —
matatnga. brave, adj., adv.; mighty; powerful;
strong: — balente; famoso; matiitiTga. bravery, n.; strength: — minatatiiga. brazier (for burning coals), n.: — brasero breach, n.; violation; rent: — fatta;
nilache; raatiteg. bread, n.: — pan.
breadimit tree, ?i..- — trongcon dog- dog; troiagcou lemae.
break, v. tr.; to tear up (a wall); to di\'ide:— ipe; putS..
break, v. tr.; to break a stick; to break bones:— julog.
break, v. tr.; to crush: — gomgom; yamag.
break, v. tr., v. i.; to break the strings of a musical instrument; to take the life: — gutus.
break down, v. %.; to go to pieces: — xnayamag.
break, v. tr.; to annihilate: — yulang.
break into pieces; v. tr.; to shatter: — yaya.
break off, v. tr.; to break off the limbs of a tree; to weaken the fire, by bank- ing or covering Avith leaves:— masque; chagua.
breakfast, n.: — amotsa.
breakfast, v. i.; to take or to have breakfast: — amotsa.
breast, n.: — jaof; pecho.
breasts, n.; udder: — susu.
breath, n.: — alentos; alientos; jiniigoiig.
breathe, v. i.: — jagong.
breathless, adj.; out of breath: — guja; taialentos.
breeze, n.; gentle gale; fresh, soft wind: — notdeste na manglo; suabe na maiTglo.
brew, v. tr.; to make liquors: — bate; mama manesca.
bribe, v. tr.; to corrupt: — nS,-lache; na-lamiis; na-potlilo; na-tailaye. I brick, n.; tile: — ladriyo; teja. I bride, n.: — nobia. 1 bridegroom, n..-— -nobio.
bridge, n.: — tolai.
bridle, n.; curb, rein: — freno.
brief, adj., adv.; short; concise: — cadada; guse; jijot.
brig, n.; two-masted square-rigged ves- sel : — betgantin.
brigade, n.: — brigada.
bright, adj.; luminous: — malag.
brightness, n.; luster; radiance: — minagas; minalag.
brilliant, adj.; sparkling; lustrous; glit- tering:— lamlam; malag.
brim, n.; the edge of anything: — canto; oriya.
brine, n.; pickle: — cliiguan; janom miiiisen.
bring, v. tr., v. i.; to carry; to take:— chule; chuli.
bring, v. ir.; to catch: — cone.
bring forth, v. tr.; to ])roduce; to cre- ate:— faiiago.
biingforth, v. ir.; to bring up children: — pogsai.
bring forth, v. tr.; to create; to bear:— na-juyung.
bring forth, v. tr.; to produce; to cre- ate : — na-f amta.
bring in, v. tr.; to put in; to lay in: — na-jaluia.
bring
43
by
bring: into contempt, v. Ir.: — na-des-
presiao; na-machatlie. bring nearer, v. tr.; to approach; to lay
down: — na-arima. bring suit, v. tr.; to compain of before the
C(iurt; to accuse: — faalla; quejaye. brisk, adj., adv.; alert; quick: — alisto;
calamya; macalamya. bristle, 71.; short stiff hair: — tiso na
pulo. brittle, adj., adv.; thin; fragile: — grue-
ton; pasca. broad, at/;., adv.; wide; roomy: — ancho;
maguag. broil, V. tr.; to fry; to prepare food; to
season; to roast: — guisa. broken, adj.: — mape. bronze, «.; — bronse {also means m-Side of
bronze or bras?). brood, n.; offspring; hatch: — rasa, brood hen, n.: — culeca; ponedera. brood, V. i.; to incubate: — cmnaleca. brood, V. i.; to worry; to indulge in
melancholy meditation: — jasuye de-
masiao. brook, n.; a small stream: — sadog. broom, n.: — escoba. broth., n.; mush; corn boiled in the milk
of the coconut: — atmayas; atule. brother, n.; sister: — chelo. brother-in-law, n.: — cunado (y quin-
adii-jo). brow, n.; forehead: — jae. brown, adj.: — colot chocolate; patdo;
moreno. brush, n.; thicket; shrubbery: — diquiqui
na atbot. brush, r. tr.; to scrape or scratch off; to
rub: — jotyat; safe. brutal, adj.; cruel: — iyon gaga; taiasi. brute, n.: — brute; gaga, brutish, adj., adv.; animal; bestial: —
iyon gaga, bubble, V. i.; to boil up; to sputter
(speaking of a spring, etc. ) : — bologbog. buck, n.; ram {also sheep in general): —
quinilo. bucket, )i..- — batde. buckle, n.; clasp: — jebiyas. buckwheat, n.: — un clasen trigo, {liter- ally: a kind of grain). bud, n.; flower: — flores; batunes flores. buffoon, n.: — bufon; titires. T3"-&o7) "•■'■ carriage: — calesa; careta;
quilis. bugle, n.; horn: — cotneta; trompeta. build, V. tr.; to mold; to do: — fatinas. build a nest, v. i.: — fama-chenchon;
chinenchon. building materials, n.: — maderas;
trastes. bulb, n.; onion-shaped root: — sensen tinanon pat chaguan gui jalom oda.
4562—18 i
bull, n.: — tore.
bulldog, n.: — un clasen ga lago (a
certain kind of dog). bullet, n.: — bala; bola (ball game). bullock, n.; steer: — nobiyo pat tore;
na ti fiifiiye. bunch, n.; cluster: — rasirao. bundle, n.: — fininut; manojo. bundle, n.; sheaf: — raanojo. bungler, n.; dabbler: — K^hapusero;
tracachero. buoy, n.: — boya. bur, n.; burdock: — dadangse. burden, n.; large pack; skirt (S'p., falda); lap; flap; train of a skirt: — fatdon; cola. bui'den, n.; charge; load; baggage: —
catga. burdock, n.; bur: — dadangse. burglar, n.: — saque; y jajatme guma. burial, n.; funeral: — entiero. burn, V. tr.: — janon; sohggue; sunog. bum up, V. tr.: — janon; soiiggue! bum, V. tr.; to parch the ground; to
squander: — satpa. burning, adj.: — jajanon; malag. burnt, adj., adv.; dry; barren: — dogngos;
tosta. burro, n.: — buro. burst, V. tr.; to rent or break open with
\'iolence : — mapta. burst, V. i.: — puta. burst, V. i.; to explode: — puta; ip§. bury, V. tr.; to entomb; to inter: — jafot;
tatne. bush, n.; forest: — jalum-tan6. bush knife, n.; machete: — ^machete, business, n.; speculation: — negosio. but, conj.; notwithstanding; neverthe- less:— lau. but! interj.: — a^dalau! butcher, 7i..- — matadero. butcher Aop, n.: — matansa butler, n.; cup bearer: — copero. butt end of a gun, n.: — colata. butter, n.: — mantiquiya. butterfly, n.: — ababang. buttocks, 71.; — quiya. button, V. tr.; to knot: — batunes;
iludo. button, n.: — batunes. button, V. tr.; to button up: — batunes. button, n.; knot: — nudo. buttonhole, n.: — ojales. buy, V. tr.; to purchase; to get for a
price: — fajan. buyer, n.: — fafajan. by, prep.: — pot; oriya. by chance, adj., adv., conj.; haply; perhaps; may be: — acaso; jungguan; sifiaja. by degrees, adj., adv.; gradual; step by step : — adomididi.
cabbage
44
carry
C.
cabbage, n.: — repoyo.
cabin, n.; hut: — camara.
cabinet, n.: — comoda.
cable, n.: — cable.
cackle (of a hen calling her young),
V. i.: — togtog. Cad, n.; A'ulgar, ill-bred fellow: — chat-
mafanagiie na taotao. cage, n.: — tancat. cake, n.: — queg.
calamity, m.; disaster; mishap; mis- fortune:— calamida. calculate, v. tr.; to estimate; to con- sider:— jasuye. calculate, r. tr.; to compute; to think
out: — catcula. calf, n.: — tatnero. caK (of the leg), n.: — mamanja. calico, n.; white or unprinted cotton
cloth: — a'paca. calk, V. tr.; to calk; to repair a ship: — ■
galafate. call, 71.; a visit :^bisita. call, V. i.; to come; to visit: — fatoigiie. call, n.; a call to c^hase away a dog: —
janda. caU, V. tr.; to denominate; to name: —
fa-na'an. call to account, v. i.; to hold an ac-
counting:^gagao cuenta. call by signs, v. i.; to summon by
signs: — alof. call, V. tr.; to name; to knock at the
door: — dandan. call, V. %.; to call out; to cry: — agang. callosity, n.; weal; skin swelled and
hardened by labor: — cayos. callous, adj., adv.: — cayos. calm, n.; lack of wind or breeze: —
catma. calra, v. tr.; to soothe; to appease; to
soften; to assuage; to make gentle: —
apasigua; na-famatquilo. calm, adj., adv.; tranquil; quiet: —
mamatquilo. calumniate, v. tr.; to scoff; to deride: —
ada. calumniations, n. pZ.;— calunmia; en-
redos. calumniator, n.; rcAdler; slanderer: —
dideshonra; enredadot. camel, n.: — cameyo. camp, 11.; — campo; campamento. can, V. i.; to be able: — siiia. can, v.; tin can; metal vessel: — ^lata. canary, n.: — canario. cancel, v. tr.; to annul: — ^ma-anula;
ma-cansela; ma-rease. candid, adj., adv.; honest; outspoken: —
franco, candle, n..-— candela; dangues. candle holder, n.; candelabra: — can-
delero. candy, n.: — candi. cane, n.: — baston.
canine, adj.; pertaining to dogs: — raaan galago.
canoe, a.: — galaide.
cannon, n.: — canon.
canvas, n.: — brin; lona.
cap, n.: — gora.
cap (with a visor), n.: — quepis.
capable, adj., adv.; brave; courageous: — matatnga; ciipds.
cape, n.: — capa.
capital, n.; capital city: — capitat.
capital sin, n.: — ^magas na isao.
capital, n.; the sum invested in a business: — capitat; prinsi])at.
caprice, n.; unrestricted choice: — ca- pricho; pinto.
capricious, adj., adv.; humorsome: — caprichoso.
capsize, v. tr.; to turn over: — puja; alingquin.
captain, n.: — capitan.
captious, adj., adv.; critical: — chatsaga.
captives, n. pi.; prisoners: — preso.
captivity, n.; imprisonment; confine- ment:— cautibidad.
captured, adj.: — preso; ma-cone.
capuchin monk, n.: — capuchino.
carabao, n . ; the water buffalo: — carabao.
card, n.; A-isiting card; business card:— tar j eta.
cardboard, n.: — catton.
care, n.; concern; solicitude; anxiety: — ■ inadaie.
careen, v. i.; to lean over (speaking of a boat): — utsa.
care for, v. tr.; to provide for; to set at work; to prove by one's action; to de- velop; to unfold; to put in use: — fina- mauleg.
care, n.; regard; foresight; precaution: — adaje.
careful, adj.; heedful: — yodaje.
care, v. i.; to torment; to labor: — sapet.
careless, adj.; inadvertent; inatten- tive : — descuidao .
carelessness, n.; heedlessness; reckless- ness : — descuida.
caress, n.: — iniga; niniiia.
carnivorous, adj.: — tegcho.
carpenter, n.: — catpintero.
carpet, n.: — alfombra.
carried away, p. p. torn away (by the wind) : — guirdpo.
carriage, n.: — coche.
carry, v. tr.; to carry a child: — jogiie.
carry, v. tr.; to carry suspended from the hand : — dililing .
carry, v. tr.; to carry suspended from the shoulder vrithout a stick: — changca.
carry, v. tr.; to carry under the arm: — apecheng-.
carry, i'. tr.; to carry under the armpit: — afafa^i.
carry
45
charm
carry, v. tr., v. i.; to bring; to take: —
chule. cart, n.; light two-wheeled vehicle: —
caretiya. cartridge, n.: — cattucho; capsula, car-
tucho. cartridge pouch, n.: — cattuchera. case, n.; a covering or receptacle: —
sajguan. carve, v. tr.; to form a design by cutting
in wood, stone, etc.: — labia, carved work, n.; carving: — ^linabla. cash, n.; money:— salape. cask, n.: — bariias. cassock, 11.: — casuya; habito-sotana. cast, V. tr.; to fling; to throw (stones); to
stone: — aguet; dagao. cast away, v. tr.; to repudiate; to spurn;
to throw away: — desecha; yute. cast off, V. tr.; to shake off; to repel: —
sacude. cast off to one side: — chanda. castel, n.; citadel: — castiyo; seradura. casual, adj.; accidental: —
ti-mananangca. casually, o.dj., adv.; accidentally: —
timajasngon. casualty, n.; an accident; resulting in
bodily injury or death: — desgrasia. cat, n.: — cato. catarrh, n.; cold: — manum. catch, r. tr.; to bring: — cone, catch, V. tr.; to cheat; to befool: —
to take fresh air: — ume-
fina^aba. catch cold, v. i
fresco, catch, V. tr., v. %.; to grasp; to gripe: —
gancho (aZso to grasp : jacot; to hook:
gancho; hook, n.: gancho). catch, V. tr., i.; to seize; to grip; to
grasp : — chajlao. catechism, n.: — catesismo. caterpillar, n.: — ulu; ulu ababang. cathedral, n.: — catedrat. catholic, ac(;. .—catolico. cattle, n.: — ganado. cause, n.; matter; thing: — causa; motibo. cause pain, v. tr.: — na-pinite. cause sorrow, v. i.; to cause grief: —
na-triste. caution, v. tr.; to ad^dse; to admonish: —
adbiette. cavalryman, n.: — sendalon qviinaba-
bayo. cave, n.; cavern: — ^liyang. cavity, n.; aperture; opening; hole: —
madog. cease, v. %.; to finish; to stop: — fagp6;
para; basta. cede, V. tr.; to give: — nae. ceiling (of a room), n.: — quisame. celebrate, v. i.; to make a holiday: —
gopte; gupot. celebrated, adj.: — afamao. cell, 71.; prison: — calaboso.
cellar, n.: — bodega.
cement, v. tr.; to fill up with putty: — galagala.
cement, n.: — semento.
cemetery, n.: — sementeyo.
censure, r. tr.; to disapprove; to con- demn; to reprove; to denounce: — desaprueba; corije.
center, n.: — talo {see t§-lo: again).
centiped, n.: — saligao.
central, adj.: — tinalo.
century, n.: — siglo.
ceremony, n.; solemnity: — seremonia.
certain, adj., adv.; secure; sure: — fijo.
certainly, adv.; in all seriousness: — sen-magajet.
chagrin, n.; indignation; quarrel; ob- stacle; difficult J- ; vexation: — disgusto {also quarrel: pleito).
chain, n.: — cadena.
chain, v. tr.; to fetter: — griniyete.
chain, made up of red shells, n.: — cadenan colales (red shells: colales).
chain of love (local name for the Mexi- can creeper): — cadena de amot.
chair, n.: — siya.
chalice, n.; cup: — caiis.
chalk, n:: — yeso. ,
challenge, r. tr.; to fight; to summon to a contest: — case; soyo para mumo (to tease: case).
chamberlain, n.; lord of the king's bed- chamlDer : — camarero (cabinboy : cam- arero).
chamorro language: — find jaya (mean- ing the language of the south; as against fino lago, the language of the north, or, the Spanish language).
champion, n.; defender: — ganadot; gagna. _ _ ^
change , n .; alteration ; mutation : — mago.
change, v. tr.; exchange; to bring from one place to another (speaking of cattle): — ago; tulaica.
changeable, adj., adv.; fickle; incon- stant; mutable; variable; fluctuatii^: — aguyon.
channel, n.; canal: — canat.
channel, v. tr.; to dig a channel or gutter : — f acanate .
character, n.; frame of mind; dispo- sition:— caracter; costumbre.
charcoal, n.; glow of burning coals: — pinigan; catbon jayo.
charge, v. tr.; to attack: — tugong.
charge, v. tr.; to send for a purpose; to commission: — comisiona; encatga.
charge, v. tr.; to furnish with an errand; to authorize: — autorisa.
charitable, adj., adv.; compassionable: — yoase.
charitableness, n.; liberality: — gui- neftao.
charity, n.: — ylnease.
charm, n.: loveliness: — giiaiyayon.
charming
4G
climb
channing, adj., adv.; lovely; agreeable;
sweet; worthy of being loved: — nS.-
malago. chaste, adj., adv.; decent; clean; neat: —
desente; ^^asgas; honesto. chatter, v. %.; to gabble: — gagag. chauffeur, n.: — cocheron automobit. cheap, adj.; purchasable for a low price: —
barato; ti-guaguan. cheat, n.: — finababa; diniigue. cheat, V. tr.; to damage: — dague; fabiibii. cheat at cards, n.: — dogueria. cheat, r.; to cheat each other: — uma-
fababa. cheat; to deceive; to impose on; to de- fraud; to dupe {also to impair, v. tr.; to
prejudice; to do damage to): — aca-
chaye. cheating, n.; knavery; swindling: —
dina. checkers, n.; the game of checkers: —
dama. cheek, n.: — faso. cheerful, adj., adv.; delightful; joyous;
merry; gay; satisfied: — na-magof; di-
bettido. cheese, n.: — queso. chest of drawers, n.; commode: —
comoda. chev/, V. tr.: — ngangas. chew, V. tr.; to chew audibly: — na-
guetmon. chew, V. tr.; to chew tobacco: — amasca. chew^ing tobacco, n.: — amasca. chicken, n.; young bird : — manog (young
chicken; poyo). chief, n.: — jefe. child, 71.: — nine; patgon. child to be baptized, n.; protege;
neophite: — jado (godson: jado). childbirth, n.: — patto. chill (in fever attack), n.: — fugo {see
fugo; squeeze), chimney, n.; touchhole or firing hole of a
gun : — chimenea. chin, n.: — achai. chin, n.; point of the chin :^-puntan
achai. Chinese, adj.: — chino. chip, n.; small piece: — estiyas. chisel, n.: — escoplo. chocolate, n.: — chocolate, choice, n.; option: — inayeg. choir, n.: — coro. choke, V. tr., v. i.; to suffocate: — gaot-
gan; nucot. cholera, n.: — colera. choose, V. tr.; to select: — ayeg. chop off, V. tr.; to break on: — chebang. chorus, n.; a number singing in con- cert:— lajyan mangacanta. christen, v. tr.; to baptize: — m.a-n§,-
quihsyano. christening, n.: — bautismo. christian doctrine, n.: — catesismon;
quilisyano.
chuckle, V. i.; to titter; to crackle (the bones of a joint): — chaca {see chSca: rat).
church, n.: — guma-Yuus.
cigar, n.; tobacco: — chupa.
cigarette, n.: — cigariyo.
cinnamon, n.: — canela.
circle, n.; a round body: — sitculo.
circular, adj., adv.; round; rotund (ball, roll of writing, scroll;: — adamelong.
cistern, n.: — tanque.
citron, n.; lime: — lemon.
city, n.: — siuda.
civil, adj., adv.; polite: — respetao.
claim, V. tr.; to demand; to assert: — ganye.
claimant, n.; one who demands some- thing as a right: — y guma^ganye.
clam, n.; an edible bivalve; moUuak: — pajgang. _ _
clammy, adj.; soft; sticky: — dangsong.
clamor, n.; shouting; yelling: — inagang.
clamp, n.: — jeramienta para man- aprieta.
clapper of abeU, n.: — ^panag-campana.
clash, V. i.; to strike violently together: — a^panag.
clasp, n.; buckle: — jebiyas.
clasp, V. tr.; press, to oppress; to af- flict:— aprieta.
class fin school), n.: — clase.
classify, v. tr.; to systematize: — ayeg.
clatter, v. i.; to murmur; to rustle; to whisper; to rattle: — cascas {also to whisper: nangon).
clause, n.; separate part of a written composition : — p araf o .
claws, n. pi.: — cacaguas; papaques.
clay, 71.; loam; mud: — fache.
clean, adj., adv.; neat: — gasgas.
clean, v. tr.; to dry:— saosao.
clean, v. tr.; to refine (sugar): — ^n§,-fljio.
cleaning rag, 7i.; polishing cloth: — lampaso.
cleanliness, n.; decency: — ^guinasgas.
cleanse, v. tr.; to wash: — fagase.
clear, adj.; bright; pure: — claro; lam- lam; puro.
clear, adj., adv.; positive; expressly pro- vided for: — claro.
clear, v. tr.; to clear a field of trees or stumps; to cut down a wood; to root out the forest: — desmonta.
cleaver, n.; a butcher's heavy hatchet: — macheten-matadot.
clemency, n.; compassion; remission: — iruna-ase.
clever, adj., adv.; inventive; witty; in- genious:— faye; malate.
client, n.; one who employs a lawyer: — y ma-defiefiende.
chfl, n.; rock; stone; — ^ladera (stone: ach6).
climate, n.: — temp era turan-tan6.
climb, V. i.: — fedos; jotde.
climber
47
comfort
climber, n.: — y mam^medos ; y man- j6jotde.
climbing palms, n.: — troncon-bejuco {aho trongcon-bejuco).
climb up, V. %.: — cocolo; cajulo.
clinch, V. tr.; to rivet: — remacha.
cling, V. i.; to hold fast: — togtog duro.
clip, V. tr.; to cut with shears or scis- sors :— dinasal-maquiniya.
clock, n.: — relos.
close, adj.; kept secret; silent: — fafat- quilo.
close by, adj.; near: — jijot.
close, adj., adv.; dense; difficult; en- tangled :— gadon.
close, V. tr.; to shut: — juchom (or: juchum).
close a contract, v. tr., v. i.; to enter into an agreement: — na-fagp6.
close, V. tr.; to stop up: — juchum; candalo.
closely connected with each other: — uma-cheton.
close, V. tr.; to close the .eyes: — achigS.
closet, n.; retreat; water-closet: — comon.
cloth, n.: — magago.
clothier, n.; one who makes or sells clothing :^venteron-magago .
clothing, n.; piece of clothing; article of
dress : — b estido .
cloud, n.: — jomjom uchan; mapagajes.
cloudy, adj.: — nublado; jomjom uchan.
club, n.: — damang.
coach, n.; carriage: — coche; caruaje.
coachman, n.; driver: — cochero.
coal, 71.: — catbon.
coal dust, ?i.; — potbos catbon.
coarse, adj., adv.; rough; inattentive; irreverent ; disrespectful ; rude : — desatento; bastos.
coarse, adj., adv.; refractory; stubborn; willful: — machaleg.
coast {also cost), n.: — contra-costa.
coat, n.: — saco.
cobwebs, n. — tiraranas (spider: sanyeye).
cock, n.; the male of birds; rooster: — gayo.
cockfight, n.: — gayera.
cockroach, n.: — cucuracha.
cocoa, n.: — cacao.
cocoa crab, n.: — ayuyu.
coconut (after the milk has been ex- tracted), n.: — bagaso.
coconut (tender, good to eat), n. : — can- uon.
coconut (a tender one: already contain- ing liquor), n.: — manja; aplog.
coconut (when entirely ripened), n.: — gafo.
coconut (when small, and not larger than a betel nut), n.: — dadeg.
coconut milk, n.: — chigo niyog.
coconut rasp, n.: — camyo.
coconut, V. tr.; to rasp the coconut: — camyo.
coconut, n.; rasped: — quinamyo.
coconut shell, ?i..- — jaiguas. coco palm, n.: — trongcon niyog. codfish, 71.; yellow wren; Spanish fly: —
bacalao. coffee, 71.: — caf§. coffin, n.: — atatid. cogitate, v. tr., v. i.; to reflect upon; to
be of the opinion; to imagine; to con- jecture; to think: — jaso. cohere, v. i.; to stick together: —
uma-cheton. con, n.; a rope gethered into a ring: —
royon-tale. coil up, V. tr., V. i.; to curl up; to roll
together: — falulon. coin, n.; piece of money: — moneda;
salape. cold, adj.; frigid: — manengjeng. cold, n.; catarrh; cold in the head: —
manom. colic, n.; gripes: — puten chachag. collapse, V. i.; to fall in; to break down: —
podong-jalom. coUar, n.: — cueyo.
collect, V. tr.; to gather; to bring to- gether; to accumulate: — famonton;
na-etnon; recoje. collect, V. tr.; to assemble: — etnon, collect, V. tr.; to call in outstanding
moneys : — cobla. collect, V. tr.; to collect rain water in.
receptacles or reservoirs: — fagte. collector of customs, n..— aduanero. college, n.; higher school: — quelejo. coUide, V. i.; to knock together: — ■
umatotp^e. collision, n.: — totpe. colonel, n.; commander of a regiment: —
coronel. color, n..- — colot. color, V. tr.; to paint: — penta. colored pumpkin, n.: — calamasa. colorless, adj.; pale (of complexion): —
chupon. colossal, adj.; gigantic: — dangculo. colt, n.; young male horse: — patgon-
cabayo na-laje. column, n.: — columna. comb, n.: — paine. comb (of the rooster), n..- — cresta. combat, v. tr., v. i.; to fight: — mumo. combine, v. %.; to unite; to join: —
etnon; fan-etnon. come ! interj.: — ^maila ! come, V. i.: — ^maila. comedy, n.: — comeya. come from, v. tr.: — guine. come in sight, v. %.; to shine forth; to
make one's appearance: — anog. come in touch with, v. i.: — cheton. come to the aid of, v. tr.: — a^yuda. come, V. i.; to visit; to call: — fatoig^iie. comfort, V. tr.; to console: — consuela. comfort, V. tr.; to console; to encourage;
to ccupy one's self with; to practice: —
consuela.
comfortable
48
confuse
comfortable, adj., adv.; fortunate; con- tent:— guef-saga.
comforter, n.; consoler: — consolad6t.
command, v. tr.; to order; to rule: — tago.
commemorate, v. tr.; to celebrate with honor: — gopte.
comm.ence, r. tr., v. i.; to begin; to start: — tutujon.
commend, v. tr.; to laud; to praise: — tuna.
comment, n.; remark; explanation: — sindn^an.
commerce, n.; trade: — cometsio.
commission, n.; disposition: — encatgo; comision.
commit miu'der, v. tr., v. %.; to murder: — manitino.
commit suicide: — puno maisa.
common, adj., adv.; public; general: — oomun.
commonalty, n.; commumty: — comu- nidad.
com.nion people, n.; plebeians: — otdi- nario na-taotao.
communicate, v. tr.; to impart; to cause tn be shared: — nae-patte.
communion, n.; partaking of the eu- ch.i rist : — comunion.
community, n.; commonalty: — comu- nidad.
companion, n.; comrade; associate; part- ner:— gachong.
company, n.: — compania.
com.pare, v. tr.; to liken: — acompara.
comparison, n.; parable :-v«ompara- sion.
compass, n.: — compas.
co:npaosion, n.; goodness; mercy; mina- ase.
compassionate, adj., adv.; charitable:^ ma-ase.
compel, i . tr.; to force; to constrain; to coerce; to subdue: — afuetsas.
compelled labor, n.; socage: — chocho- fuetsao.
conapensate, r. tr.; to renumerate; to re- pay:— gratifica.
compete, v. i.; to enter into competi- tion : — u-ma'chague .
competent, adj.; capable: — capas; com- petente.
compile, v. tr.; to put together: — dana.
complaint, n.; accusation; impeach- ment; suit at law: — queja.
complete, adj., adv.; entire; total; full; ready; prepared; perfect: — cabales; enteramente; entero.
conaplete, v. tr.; to finish: — magpo; mi>njayan.
complete, adj., adv.; ready; finished: — iiionjayan.
complicated, v. 'r.; to involve; to en- tangle:— cocas; gadon.
complication, 7i.: — guina'don.
compliment, n.; expression of cour- tes>' : — cuniplimiento.
compliment, r. tr.; to liatter; to praise;
to congratulate: — tuna, compose, v. tr.; to pacify; to appease; to
calm : — na-famatquilo. compositor, n.; typesetter: — impresot. comprehend, r. i.; to understand: —
comprende. corapress, v. tr.; to condense: — jogse;
jo no. compromise, n.; agreement: — compro-
miso. corapromise, v. i.; to lay bare; to ex- pose : — compromete. compulsory, adj., adv.; involuntary: —
fuetsao; obligdo. conrrade, n.; friend; fellow; partner (in
both good and bad sense): — gachong. conceal, v. tr.; to hide; to disguise: —
lip a; a'tog. concede, v. tr.; to assent; to agree to: —
nae petmiso. concern, n.; affair; business: — asunto. conclude, v. tr.; to determine; to direct;
to order: — detetmina. conclusion, n.; finish; end: — finagpo. concur, r. i.; to agree: — u-maconfotma. condemn, v. tr.; to sentence: — yogua. condemn, v. tr.; to disapprove; to re-
pro^e; to denounce; to censure: —
desaprueba. condition, n.; measure; rule; disposition;
direction: — condision; disposision. condition, n.; state: — estao. condition, n.; stipulation: — condision. condole, v. tr.; to express sympathy: —
saonao puminite. condone, r. ir.; to pardon: — asie. conduct, n.: — conducta. confectionery, n.; sweetmeat; cakes: —
finamames. confederate, n.; accomplice:— complise confess, v. i.: — cumonfesat. confession, n.: — confesion. confession, n.; the last confession: —
y mapos na confesion. confessional, n.: — confesioaario. confide, v. tr., v. i.; to hope; to expect;
to look for; to intrust: — aiigoco; confia. confidence, n.: — inangoco. confident, adj., adv.: — angocuyon. confirm, v. tr.; to strengthen: — con-
fitma. confirmation, n.: — confitmasi6n. confiscate, v. tr.; to sell at auction: —
embatga. conflagration, n.; fire: — quemason. conforin, v. tr.; to make alike: — con-
fotme. conform, v. i.; to comply with: —
cumple. confound, v. tr.; to tire; to bore; to
embo33 : — na-6son. confront (by witnesses), v. tr.: — finana. confuse, v. tr.; to jumble up; to render
indistinct: — ^na-a^ gadon; na-a'liiche.
confused
49
counciiior
confused, adj.; disorderly; irregular: — desareglao.
congenial, adj.; kindred: — pare jo gen- ion-nija.
congratulate, v. tr.; to wish happiness to:— felisitar (Sp.).
connect, v. tr.; to join; to unite: — na- etnon; na-cheton.
connected, adj., adv.: — cheton.
conscieiace, n.: — consiensia.
consecrate, v. ir.; to transmute: — consagra.
consecration, n.; transformation: — con- sagrasion.
consent, n.; agreement: — quinensiente.
consider, r. tr.; to calculate; to esti- mate:— considera; catciila.
consider, v. tr.; to contemplate; to survey:— considera.
consist, V. %.; to be composed of; to be made up of:— consiste.
consolation, n.; occupation: — tinane.
consolation, n.: — quinensuela or con- suelo.
console, v. tr.; to comfort: — consuela.
constant, adj., 'adv.; persistent; stead- fast; persevering: industrious; diligent; • assiduous; sedulous: — constante; fijo.
construct, v. tr.; to build; to put to- gether :^at8a (to lift: jatsa).
consult, V. tr.: — consutta.
consume, v. tr.: — ^la^chai.
consume, v. tr.; to gulp down: — tucho.
consume, v. tr.; to use up entirely, leaving nothing: — la^chai.
consumption, n.; expenses; costs: — gastos.
consumptive, adj.: — sogsog.
contain, v. tr.; to hold within: — omlat.
container (for 8er\dng chocolate), n.: — batidot.
contemplate, v. tr.; to consider; to survey : — contempla.
contempt, n.; disdain; scorn: — des- presio.
conteraptible, adj.; meriting scorn: — despresiaos.
contend, v. i.; to emulate: — que-igue.
content, adj., adv.; fortunate; comfort- able:— magof; guef-saga.
contented, adj., adv.; joyous; glad: — magof.
contention, n.; quarrel: — plaito.
continence; n.; abstinence; temper- ance:— ayuno.
continual, adj., adv.; incessant; con- stant : — constante.
continuation, n.; duration; endur- ance:— sirdgue (also duration: in- abmam) .
continue, v. i.; to endiure; to last; to abide : — dinira.
continue, v. i.; to follow: — sigue.
continuous, adj., adv.; perpetual: — petmanente.
contract, n.; agreement: — contrato.
contracted, adj.; cramped; tightly
strung: — apretao. contractor, n.; exploiter: — contratista. contradict, v. ir.; to quarrel; to dispute;
to disagree; to struggle; to be at vari- ance:— contradise. contradiction, n.; quarrel: — contra-
dicsion; contradision. contrary, adj.; to the contrary: — at
contrario or pot el contnirio. contribute, v. tr.; to furnish as a share: —
ayuda. contrition, n.; penitence; repentance: —
contrision; sinetsot. control, V. tr.; to search; to view; to
visit; to inspect: — egaga.
.; fitness
suitable; handy
entertainment cuentos. ■ to talk familiarly
convenienc
conbeniensia. convenient, adj.;
conbeniente. conversation, n.
conbetsasion; converse, v. %.,
cumuentos. convert, v. tr.: — conbiette. convince, v. ir.; to win over by persuasion
or evidence: — bense. convoy, n.; escort; accompaniment: —
acompanamiento. cook, n.: — cosinero. cook, V. tr.; to boil; to set upon the fire;
to melt: — na-lago. cooking kettle, n.: — lauya. cool, adj., adv.; fresh; refreshing: —
fresco, cool, V. ir.; to refresh: — na-mapao. cool off, V. tr.: — na-niapao. copious, adj., adv.; complete; detailed: —
guef-ma-esplica. copper, n.: — coble, copy, n.: — copia. copy, V. tr.: — copia. coral, n.: — acho-nanac. cord, n.; a tmsted string: — ja^jlon. cork, n.; bottle stopper: — cotcho. com, n.; maize: — ma^ies. com, n.; sore; ulcer: — cayos. comer, n.; edge: — rincon. comer (of a building), n.: — esquina. corpse, n.; dead body; dead: — cadabet;
matai. correct, v. tr.; to blame; to censure: —
corije. correspondence, n.; letters: — co-
respondsnsia. corridor, n.; veranda; passageway: —
coredot. corrugated iron, n.: — planchan-sin. cost, V. tr.; to be worth; important {or
to be valid): — bale (what does it cost?
cuanto baUna?). costs, n.; consumption; expenses: —
gastos. cotton, n.; cotton wadding: — atguedon. cough, n.: — 1616. councillor, n.; advisor: — conse^ero.
counsel
50
GUp
counsel, n.; advice: — consejo; pinagat. counsel, v. i.; to advise; to assist; to give
advice: — aconseja; pagat. count, V. Ir.; to enumerate: — numerea;
tufoiTg. count, V. ir.; to figure: — tufong. countermand, v. tr.; to withdraw; to
abolish; to dismiss; to revoke: — deroga. countless, od^.: — ti tufungon. county, n.; district: — bario. courage, n.; m e 1 1 1 e: — a n i m o;
atrebimiento. courage, v. %.: to have courage: — gai-
animo. courage, n.; spirit: — coraje. courage, v. %.; to take courage: — abiba;
aiiima. courageous, adj., adv.; capable; brave: —
animoso; matiituga. course (of food), n.; dish: — potaje. court, n.; tribunal: — tribunat. court (of a ruler), n.: — cotte; palasyo. cousin, n.: — primo. cove, n.; bay; inlet:— ensenada. cover, n.: — tanipe. cover, V. tr.: — cubre; tampe. cover, n.; pillowcase: — funda. cover, V. tr.; to cover the roof (with
leaves of the cocoa palm): — afte. cover up, v. tr.; to wrap around: —
tampe. cowr, 11.: — baca. crab, n.: — panglao. crack, n.; fissure: — caca. crackle (speaking of the bones of a
joint), V. %.; to titter; to chuckle: —
chaca. cradle, n.: — cuna.
crafty, adj., adv.; sly; cunning: — cuco. cramp, n.: — calamle. cramped, adj.; contracted; tightly
strung: — apretao. crave, v. tr.; to desire; to wish: — desea;
tanga. crawl, V. %.: — cunanaf; bdtsala. crawfish (small), n.: — atma^iigao. cream, n.: — clema. cream, n.; the rich, oily part of milk: —
mantican-leche. crease, n.; mark made by folding: — •
dobladan-magago* dndobla. create, v. tr.; to bear; to bring forth:—
najtiyung. creation, n.; work: — nina-jliyung. creator, n.: — na^najuyun^. creature, n.; work; act; action; deed: —
finatinas. credible, adj.; worthy of belief: — jong-
guiyon. creditor, ?i..— acreedot. creek, n.; small stream:— sadog-diqui-
qui. creep, v. %.; to move slowly along the
ground: — batsala; cuuilnaf. crib, 11.; child's bed; rack or manger: —
cuna. cricket, n.: — griyos.
cries, n.; lamentations:- inigong. crime, n.; sin, guilt: — Isao. criminal, n.; malefactor: — criminat. cripple, v. tr.; to maim: — estropea. crocodile, n.: — caiman, crochet, v. tr.; to do crochet work: —
guinan chlyo. crooked, «c?;.,ac/v.;bent; curved (aZso in- clined to do wrong); forbidden: —
echong; 6clau. crooked, adj., adv.; winding: — mataj-
leg. crop, ?i.; — cosecha (seed: seminya). cross, n.: — criisa; quiltius. cross, V. tr.; to cross the legs: — nga'-
palopo; na-a^gaoli. cross, V. tr.; to go past; to pass by: —
malofan. crossbeam, n.: — yabe (also key:yabe). crossroads, n.: — y dinga dos chalan. crosswise, adj.; aihvf art: — opagat; crus;
umencrus. crotchets, n.; clasps: — cotchetes. crouch, V. i.; to sit on the haunches: —
deja. crowbar, n.; lever: — ^baareta. crowd (of people), n.; jam; throng: —
buyadan taotao. crowd together, v. tr.; to compress; to
stifle; to crush: — chiguet. crown, 11.: — corona, crown of the head, n.; apex; vertex: —
cacagong. crucifix, n.: — crusifio. crucify, v. tr.: — crusifica. crude, adj.; raw; uncultured: — mata. cruel, adj., adv.: — cruel, cruelty, n.: — cruetdad. crviiser, n.; a fast warship: — crusero. crumb of bread: — migas pan. crumple, v. tr.; to crumple a piece of
paper: — jedo. crupper, n.; the buttocks of a horse;
leather tail band: — gurupa. crush, V. tr.; to break: — gomgom;
aplasta. crush, V. tr.; tu jam; to squash: — aplasta;
gomgom. crush, r. tr.; to crush with the hand; to
press down: — jon6. crust, n.; skin; rind; husk: — lasas. crustacean, n.; crayfish; crawfish: —
alimasag. crutch, n.: — baculo. cry, V. i.: — ca'sao. cry, V. ir., v. i.; to ciy out; to howl (the
wind); to roar (the bull); to peep (the
chicks): — cate; agaug. cry, V. i.; to howl (speaking of dogs): —
tanguis. cucumber, n.; — pepino. cuS, 71.; a blow with the fist: — dinemo. cultivate, v. tr.: — cuttiba. cunning, n.; craft; trick; deceit: —
fijiabii^ba; mana. cunning, adj.; deceitful: — cuco. cup, ?i.;— -tasa.
cop
51
deadly
cup, n.; small glass: — copa.
cupbearer, n.; butler: — copero.
curable, adj., adv.: — amtiyon.
curate, n.: — cura.
curate of a parish, n.: — paroco.
curb, n.; the rein; bridle: — freno.
curdle, v. %.; to coagulate; to congeal (speaking of milk): — cumotado y leche.
curdled milk, n.: — cottado y leche.
curious, adj., adv.; inquisitive: — curioso.
curl, n.; ringlet of hair: — mulato.
curlew, 11.: — calalang.
curl up, V. tr., v. %.; to roll together; to coil up: — falulon.
current, n.; stream: — coriente; milag.
curse, V. tr.: — matdise.
curse, n.; oath: — desparate; matdi8i6n.
curtain, n.: — cottina.
curved, adj., adv.; crooked; bent {also in- clined to do wrong); forbidden: — echong-.
cushion, n.; pillow :^ — alunan.
custora, n.: — costumbre; pengu&.
custodian, n.; caretaker: — encatgao.
custom, n.; established usage: — pennga customary, adj., adv.; usual; ordinary;
regular: — regulatmente. custom house, n.: — aduana. customs duties, n.; fees; taxes: —
derechon aduana. cut, n.: — tinaga. cut, n.; joint: — moscas. cut, v. tr., v. %.; to fell; to cut o2: —
utut. cut into shoes, v. tr.: — debana. cut off, V. tr.; to break off (the limb of
a tree): — chef chef, cut open, V. tr.; to cut open an animal: —
chungat. cut out, V. tr.; to cut out the inside of
a coconut, with an instrument: —
cacha. cut, V. tr.; to saw; to cut with a saw: —
chachag. cut, V. tr.; to split: — papngas. cut, V. tr.; to cut with one stroke: — gabe. cut, V. tr.; to wound:— sese. cutting, adj., adv.; sharp; severe;
pointed; keen: — acadidog. cyUnder, n.: — silindro.
D.
dabble, v. tr.; to bungle; to do something in a superficial manner: — palaspas.
dabbler, n.; bungler: — chapusero.
daily, adj., adv.; occurring each succeed- ing day: — diario.
daily wage, n.: — apas diario.
daily work, n.; task: — chocho diario.
dainty, adj.; choice; delicious; fastidi- ous:— fastidioso.
dairy, n.; place where milk is kept and converted into butter, etc.:— lichera.
dam, V. tr.; to hold up (the flow of waters) : — presa.
dam, 71.; river dam: — presa.
damage, n.; harm; hurt; injury: — dano.
damage, v. tr.; to wound; to hurt: — danao.
damp, adj., adv.; moist; humid (pre- venting an object from burning): — apagon; fotgon; umido.
damsel, n.; a maiden: — sottera.
dance, v. tr., v. i.: — baila.
dance, n.: — baile.
dandruff, n.; scurf on the scalp: — caspa.
dandy, n.; a fop; coxcomb: — andi.
dandy, v. %.; to play the dandy: — umandi.
danger, n.; risk: — riesgo; peligro.
dangerous, adj., adv.; perilous: — peli- groso.
dare, v. tr., v. %.; to have courage; to attempt; to defy; to challenge: — gai- animo.
daring, adj., adv.; rash; wild; bold; venturesome : — animoso; batbaro.
dark, adj., adv.; dusky; destitute of light: — jomjom.
darken, v. tr.; to cast a shade upon; to overshadow: — jome.
darkening, n.; twilight; gloaming: — • leralem taotao; jojomjom.
darkness, n.: — jinemjom.
darky, n.; negro: — neglo.
darling, n.: — quirida.
dash, v. tr.; to throw violently or hast- ily:—go tpi.
date, n.; the time of a letter or trans- action:— fecha.
date, n.; the fruit of the date-palm: — datihs.
daughter, n.: — ija; jaga.
daughter-in-law, n.: — cunada.
dawn, n.: — machagchag catan.
dawn, V. %.; to begin to grow light: — chagchag.
dawn, n.; the first appearance of light in the morning: — pago miinana.
day, n.; the period of light between sun- rise and sunset; daylight; sunlight:— jaane; dia.
daybook, n.; rough draft:^ — boradot.
daybreak, n.; morning twilight: — page manana.
day laborer, n.; helper; also piece (in the game of checkers): — peon; jotnalero.
day of fasting, n.: — ayuno; dia de ayuno.
dazed, adj.: — maUngo y jinaso.
deacon, n.: — diacono.
dead, adj.; destitute of life: — matai.
dead, n.; dead body; corpse: — matai; cadabet.
deadly, adj., adv.; causing death: — pegno.
deaf
52
deform
deaf, adj.; do{)rivod of heariag: — tanga.
dealer, n.; trader; merchant: — cometsi- ante.
dear, adj., adv.; beloved: — ma-goflie; querido.
dear, adj., adv.; expensive; costly: — gaaguan.
death, n.; hour of death: — flnatai.
death-dealing, adj.; death-bringing: — pegno.
death penalty, n.: — pena de ruuette.
death watch, ?i.; a vigil beside a dead person: — gaga rnatai; y bumela gui matai.
debar, v. Lr.; to shut out; to exclude: — juchura.
debate, v. lr.; to deliberate together:— agiimento; atgumento.
debauch, v. tr.; to corrupt; to vitiate: — na-tailaye.
debauched, adj., adv.; stupid: — totpe.
debt, n.; that which is due from one person to another: — dibe.
debtor, n.; sinner: — man-isao; iisao; gai-isao.
decade, n.; ten consecutive years: — dies aiios siguido.
decay, v. %.; to rot; to decline or fall: — lamas.
decease, v. %.; to die: — matai.
deceit, n.; fraud; cheating; imposition; humbug; trick; cunning: — dlnague; finababii.
deceitful, adj.; cunning: — ^f a-f aila jy e .
deceive, v. tr.; to lie; to speak falsely; to cheat (at cards); to impose on; to dupe; also to impair; to do damage to: — embostero; dague; fandague; tesgiie.
December, n . : — disiernbre; umayanggan.
decent, adj., adv.; clean, neat; honor- able:— desente; gasgas; honesto; modesto.
deception, n.; fraud: — finabiiba; linipa.
decide, v. tr.; to bring to an issue; to re- solve:— deside.
decimal, n.; pertaining to, or based upon, the number 10; decimal fraction: — • desimat.
decimate, v. tr.; to destroy a large pro- portion of:^ — desminuye; desminuye uno cada dies.
decision, ?z.; intention; determination: — dinetetmina; detetminasitm.
deck, n.: — ^cubietta.
declaration, n.; assertion; publication: — dineclara; declarasion.
declare, v. i.: — declara; ma-claruye.
declare free, r. tr.; to release; to pro- nounce not guilty; to acquit; to ab- solve :— absuetbe.
decline, v. tr.,v. %.; to refuse: — reusa.
decom.pose, i;. i.; to become decomposed; to putrefy: — lamas.
decomposed coral, n.; used for road- making; is soft when put down, but hardens through action of the air and of water: — cascajo.
decorate, v. tr.; to adorn; to embellish: —
adotna. decorate, v. tr.; to put in order:— alina. decorous, adj., adv.; of proper bearing;
decent; agreeable; pleasing: — asent-
ado; desente. decorum., n.: — dinesente. decoy, n.; lure; stratagem: — figuran
gaga para ocodo. decoy, v. tr.; to allure into danger by
artifice; to lure: — pugui. decrease, v. i.; to become smaller in
quantity: — caguan mengua. decrease in tension, v. tr.; relax;
slacken; to unbend; to unharness: —
afloja. decree, n.; sentence; judgment: — de-
creto; jinaso; juisio; minejnalom (or:
minejnalum). decree, v. lr.; to prescribe; to ordain; to
dispose: — decreta. deduct, V. tr.; to take away: — na-suja. deed, n.; creature; work; act; action: —
finatinas. deed of charity, n.: — benefisio. deep, adj., adv.; large; beknv the sur- face:— modung; tadung. deep-eyed, adj., adr.: — motgan. deepen, v. tr.: — la-guadog. deep v/ater, n.: — sajago; tadung na
janum. deer, n.: — ^binado. deface, v. tr.; to mar the surface of; to
disligure : — disfigura. defamation, n.; slander; bad words; as- persion:— chisme; inada. defame, v. tr.; to bring disgrace upon: —
deshonra; fatso. defame, v. tr.; to injure the good name
of; to dishonor: — deshonra; fatso. defeat, v. tr.; to overcome or vanquish: —
gana; dulalag. defect, n. /deficiency; want: — chinattao. defect, n.; sore; wound; abscess: —
chetnot; defecto. defend, v. tr.; to guard or protect: —
defiende. defender, n.; protector; guardian: —
defensot; didefiende; guigogiie. defer, v .tr.; to postpone: — na-abmam. defense, n.; the act of defending; pro- tection; vindication:- — defiende; dini-
fiende. defense, n.; shelter: — defiende; sinague
fan iijiiigau. deficiency, ?i.; defect; want; lack: —
chinattao; defecto; escases; fatta. defile, n.,- low giound; low country: —
finaguagsalu; guiigsalo; gudgsaM;
also niiliitrt na pasaje mafot. defile; n.; narrow pass: — fa^salug;
fmiV salug; mafot define, v. tr.; to describe: — esplica;
piila. definition, n.; brief description: —
definision; pinila. deform, v. tr.; to disfigure; to distort;
to deface:— disfigura; na.-chdtpago.
defraud
53
deserve
defraud, v. tr.; to cheat; to deprive of
something: — faba^ba. defy, ('. tr.; to challenge; to resist openly:
— gal animo. degenerate, v. %.; to deteriorate: —
bumababa. degrade, v. tr.; to lower physically or morally; to tone down: — gatdutia; villi papa. deject, V. tr.; to depress the spirits of;
to dishearten:— disanim a. dejected, adj.; depressed; gloomy: —
dinesaniina. dejectedness, n.; depression of spirits:—
rineusa. delay, v. tr.; to postpone; to stay; to
stop ; — in-abnxam. delayed, adj.; come too late; risen too
late (out of bed): — -ba^an. delegate, n.; representative: — asis-
tente; representatibo. deliberate, r. tr.; to ponder; to A¥eigh
in the mind: — considera. delicacy, n.; grace; sensitiveness; refine- ment : — grasioso. delicate, adj., adv.; admirable; lively;
vivacious; elegant: — airoso. delicious, adj., adv.; exquisite; highly pleasing to the senses, taste, or mind:— delisioso; manngui. delight, V. tr.; to please; to give pleasure to; to appease: — na-magof; na-man- man; na-tatnon. delight, n.; enjoyment: — namagof;
minamanman. delighted, adj., adv.; joyous; merry;
gay; satislied; cheerful: — dibettido. delightful, adj., adv.: — na-manman;
na-miigof. delirium (in fever), n.; aberration of
the mind: — jinason atmariao. deliver, v. tr.; to set free; to save: —
na-janau; na-libre. deliver, v. ir.; to deliver a woman of
child: — fanago; ma-ilago. delivery, n.; the act of delivering: —
jina'na-u; inentrega; minajuyoiig. delivery, n.; draft; duty; tax: — catga;
impuesto; todo; tribute, deluge, V..; inundation: — diltibio. delusion, n.; imposition: — fatso;
i nil bag. demand, v. tr.; to ask in a peremptory
manner: — demanda. demented, adj.; insane: — atmariao;
cadiico. democracy, n.; government by the people; political or social equality: — gobietnon taotao. demolish, v. tr.; to ruin; to destroy: — •
desase. demolition, n.; destruction: — mina-
yulaiTg. demon, n.; evil spirit; devil: — denionio;
magiig^niti. demonstrate, v. tr.; to evince; to prove; to shov.-: — fanue.
demonstration, n.; act of demonstrat- ing:— prueba. demoralize, v. tr.; to corrupt; to throw into confusion: — n§,-atborotao; yu- lang. demur, v. ir.; retort; to oppose; to object; to put in by way of reply: — agua- guate. demure, adj., adv.; grave; sober; decor- ous; proper in behavior: — gai-ma- m.ajlao; fotmat. denial, n. /refusal; contradiction: — rin-
etisa; contradicsi6n. denominate, v. tr.; to name; to call: —
fanaan; na-fanaan. denounce, v. tr.; to censure; to condemn; to disapprove; to reprove: — desa- prueba. dense, adj., adv.; difBcult; entangled: —
gadon. deny, v. tr.; to declare to be untrue: —
pune. depart, v. i.; to move; to walk; to leave: —
fainocat; umadisapatta; sumuja. departure, n.: — jina^nau; pattida. departure, n.; sailing: — jina^nau;
salida. depend, v. i.; to rely for support; to
trust : — aiigoco. deplorable, adj., adv.; sad; calamitous;
grievous: — triste. depopulate, v. tr.; to deprive of in- habitants; to devastate; to lay waste:— araot; na-tai-taotao. depose, v. tr.; to deprive of office: —
amot; na-ma-tajgiie. deposit, V. tr.; to put into the bank: —
deposita. depot, n.: a warehouse: — deposito. depravation, n.; deterioration: — na-
tailaye. deprecate, r. tr.; to censure; to dis- dain ; — despresia. depressed, adj.; dejected; oppressed: — • inadite; mofifio; ma-jono; ma-na- penite. depression, n.; low spirits: — tinagpapa;
triniste . deprivation, n.: the act of taking away;
loss: — finaliri^o; inamot. depth, n.: — tinadong. deride, v. tr., v. %.; to insult; to mock: —
lotgue; casi; insutta. derision, n.; scorn: — mofa; minefea. descend, v. i.: to pass from a higher to
a lower position: — tum.unog. describe, v. tr.; to narrate; to set forth: —
sangan. desecrate, v. tr.; to profane: — na-lache;
na-a^pliicha. desert, n.: — ^desietto. desert, v. tr.; to abandon; to leave; to quit; to leaA^e behind; to forsake: — dingo; desampdra. deserve, v. tr.; to earn by service; to be justly entitled to; to merit:— merese; bale (gui setbisio).
deserving
54
digestion
deserving", adj.; worthy: — manmerese.
design, ?'. tr.; to direct; to order; to apjioiiit ; to determine; to fix : — destina.
designate, v. tr.; to direct; to deter- mine:— fantii.
desig^ned, adj., adv.; intentional; pre- meditated:— adrede.
desire, n.; inclination; appetite: — ganas
desire, n.; greediness; lust: — a^lalS,.
desire, r. tr.; to want: — desea; miilapo.
desirous, adj., adv.: — deseoso.
desolate, adj.; deprived of inhabitants; abandoned ; laid waste: — ma-disocupa; ma-lilchai taotdoiia.
desolation, n.; destruction; ruin; af- fliction; misery: — disocupao; yinilang; mis^ria.
despair, v. i.; to abandon all hope: — ti man-angoco.
desperate, adj., adv.; hopeless: — des- esperao.
despicable, adj., adv.; pitiful; miser- able : — chatsaga; na-mase .
despise, v. tr.; to slander: — chat- gualya; f dichiinag ; ma-fa-jlyung chatlii.
despiser, n.; contemner: — fa-faichanag; na-chatgiiiaiya; cha-chatlii.
dessert, n.; fruits or sweets: — golosina; postre.
destiny, n.; fate: — destine.
destitute, adj.; poor; penniless: — na- mase; taya.
destitute of brilliancy or of lustre, adj.; not showy; unpretending: — ca- chang. _
destitute of reason, adj.: — taitiningo.
destroy, v. tr.; to break: — yulang.
destroy, v. tr.; to consume; to devour; to Avipe out: — na-mafnas.
destroy, v. tr.; to demolish; to ruin: — desase.
destroy, v. tr.; to squander: — na- falingo.
detach, v. tr.; to disconnect: — na- janau.
detailed, adj., adv.; copious; complete: — guef-ma-esplica.
detain, v. tr.; to hold up; to keep back: — detiene; na-atrasao.
detect, V. tr.; to discover; to bring to light; to expose: — soda.
determine, i'. tr.; to designate; to direct: — destina; detetmina.
determination, n.; decision; inten- tion : — dinetetrciina; detetminasion.
detest, V. tr.: — chatlii.
detestable, adj., adv.; execrable; abom- inable:— gof chatliiyon; inguinon.
detrimental, adj., adv.; injurious; hurt- ful:— danoso.
devastate, v. tr.; to ruin; to desolate; to lay waste; also to consume; to devour: — ma-destrosa; anisa.
devastation (caused by a storm), n.: — yinilang.
develop, v. tr.; to unfold; to put in
use: — baba. >devil, n.: — diablo; mdgnganiti. devise, v. tr.; to find out; to invent: —
na-juyong; inbenta; soda, devote, v. tr.; to apply (one's self) to
some object: — aplica. devoted, adj.; understanding: — apHcao;
confotrae. devotion, n.; piety: — debosion; dine-
boto. devour, v. tr.; to eat ravenously: —
tuch.6. devout, adj., adv.; true; believing: —
deboto; jonggue. dexterity, n.; manual skill: — fina3ri. dialect, n.; idiom; the peculiar manner
in which a language is spoken in a
district: — dialecto. diameter, ?i.; — diametro; indnchon y
citculo. diamond, n.: — diamante, diarrhea (not dysentery), n.: — quini-
lag. dice, n.: — dados, dictate, v. i.; to prescribe: — dicta;
saiigane. dictate, v. tr.; to express orally words to
be taken down in writing: — dicta, dictionary, n.; vocabulary:— dicsion-
ario. die, V. i.:- — matai. die, V. %.; to die of hunger; to die of
starvation :— matai-nalang. diet, n.; abstinence; continence; tem- perance:— diet; abstinensia; chinemS,;
choma. differ, v. i.; to be dissimilar; to dis- agree : — tipare jo . difference, n.: — diferensia. different, adj.; diverse: various: — difer-
entes; distinto; taiachaigua; ti umaya. different, adj., adv.; rare; distinguished;
excellent : — sajngue . difficult, adj., adv.; entangled; close: —
gadon. difficult, adj.; hard to accomplish: —
mapot. difficult, adj., arfi'.; heavy: — macat. difficult, adj., adv.; perilous; dangerous: —
peligro. difficulty, n.: — minapot; dificuttad. difficulty, n.; A'exation; chagrin; indig- nation; quarrel; obstacle :^disgU8to. diffidence, n.; lack of self-reliance: — tai
inangocon maisa; desconfiansa. diffuse, V. tr.; to scatter; to disseminate: —
chalapun. diffused, adj.; disseminated; spread;
scattered : — ma-chalapun. dig, V. i.; to scratch (hens): — guadog. dig in, V. tr.; to intrench: — graba. digest, V. tr.; to dissolve in the stomach
by the action of the digestive juices: —
aregla; dijero; dijeri. digestion, n.; assimilation: — inaregla;
dinij6re; dinijeri.
dignity
55
displeasure
dignity, n.; oflice; — peca; cdt;2:o; dinaiig- cdIo.
diligence, n.; application; utilization: — aplicasion; esmero.
diligent, adj., adv.; laborious; indus- trious:— buen-muchacho.
diminish, v. tr.: to make smaller; to re- duce : — nala-diquiqui.
din, n.; deafening mn^e; crash; confusion; tumult; turmoil: — yinauyau.
dine, v. i.; to eat the midday meal:— na-tal6ane.
dinner, n.; the chief meal of the day: — ■ na-tal6ane.
diplomat, n.: — diplomatico.
direct, adj.; straight (not circuitous); open; plain: — derecto; tiinas.
direct, v. tr.; to order; to designate; to conclude; to determine: — destina; de- tetmina; dirije; na-janao.
direct, v. tr.; to manage; to regulate; to lead; to guide: — dirije.
direction, v.; guidance; relative posi- tion:— direcsion; y dinerije; rumbo.
direction, n.; condition; measure; rule; disposition: — disposision.
directly, adv.; — enseguidas.
dirt, 71.; mud; dung: — oda; fache; taqu@.
dirt (on the head), n.; filth; smut; mud: — • acong.
dirty, adj., adv.; filthy: — aplacha.
dirty, v. ir.; to soil: — na-aplacha.
dirty, adj., adv.; soiled; impure; foul: — ■ gai-fache; na-asgon.
disability, n.; incapacity: — tinai setbi.
disable, v. tr.; to disqualify; to incapaci- tate : — na-taisetbi.
disagree, v. tr.; to contradict; to quarrel; to dispute; to struggle: — aguaguat; ti- u-ma-diinche.
disagreeable, adj., adv.; hateful; repug- nant : — cha^tpago .
disappear, v. i.; to pass away; to van- ish:— malingo.
disappoint, v. tr.; to thwart or frustrate the hopes of: — ti miigof; disgiista.
disappointment, n.; defeat or failure of expectations: — tinai minagof; dis- gusta.
disarm, v. tr.; to deprive of arms; to sub- due:— disatma; na-tai-atmas.
disapprove, i'. tr.; to reprove; to de- nounce; to censure; to condemn: — desaprueba.
disaster, n.; mishap; misfortune; ca- lamity : — desgrasia.
disastrous, adj.; unfortunate; un- happy:— desdich^o; desgrasiado.
disband, v. tr.; to dismiss; to discharge: — despacha.
discard, v. tr.: — yogua.
discharge, v. tr.; to disband; to dis- miss:— despacha; despide.
discharge, v. tr.; to discharge a debt; to pay for; to clear; to satisfy; to pay out: — abona.
discharge, v. tr.; to unload: — descatga,.
discipline, n.; education; military regu- lation : — dedsipUna.
disclaim, v. tr.; disavow. — pune.
disclose, v. tr.; to reveal; to make plain or evident; to discover: — discubre.
disclosure, n.; discovery; uncovering: — discubre.
discontented, adj., adv.; envious: — ti contento.
discourage, v. tr.; to dishearten: — ti aniraoso.
discourse, n.; speech or language; con- versation:— conbetsasion; setmon.
discover, v. ir.; to put forward; to dis- close; to reveal; to make plain or evi- dent:— discubre; pontan.
discriminate, v. tr.; to distinguish: — distiiiggue.
disdain, v. tr.; to censure; to deprecate: — despresia; iiiguen; inguin.
disdain, v. tr.; to despise: — faichanag.
disdain, n.; scorn; contempt: — despresio.
disembark, v. tr.: — desembatca.
disfigure, v. tr.; to deform; to distort; to deface: — desfigura; na-chatpago.
disfigured, adj.: — desfigurado.
disgrace, n.; shame; dishonor: — di- neshonra.
disgraceful, adj., adv.; dissolute: — despresiable; totpe.
disgust, v. tr.; to offend the moral sense of: — disgustao; ti miigof.
disgust, n.; strong aversion; repug- nance:— disgusto.
disgusting, adj., adv.; nauseous; loath- some:— asqueroso.
dish, n.; platter: — nayan; plato.
dishonor, v. tr.; to disgrace: — di- neshonra.
disinherit, v. tr.: — deshereda; umot y herensia.
disinterested, adj., adv.; unselfish: — desinteresao.
dislocated, adj.; lame; twisted: — aca- leng; apHi'ig.
dismiss, v. tr.; to revoke; to withdraw: — deroga; despacha.
disorder, 7i.; uprising :^desareglao.
disorderly, adj.; irregular; confused: — calao; gadon.
dispensation, n.; exculpation; also storage room or pantry: — dispensa.
dispense -with, v. tr., v. i.; to spare; to do without: — tumaya.
disperse, v. tr.; to strew asunder; to scatter apart; to dispel: — chalapun.
displace, v. tr.; to put out of place: — na-suja gui sagana.
displacement, 7i.; substitution: — na- suja gui saga.
display, v. tr.; to boast; to expose to view; to exhibit: — fata.
displeasing, adj., adv.; offensive; shock- ing:— chocante.
displeasure, n.: — alansa.
dispose
56
double
dispose, V. tr., v. i.; to arrange; to order;
to prepare; to make ready: — dispone, dispose, V. tr.; to decree; to prescribe; to
orJaiu: — ^decreta. disposition, n.; direction; condition: —
disposision. dispute, V. tr.; to quarrel; to contradict;
to 1)0 at variance; to disagree; to
struggle : — aguaguat. dispute, n.; niatier of dispute; ques- tion : — cuestion. dissemble, v. tr.; to feign; to hide; to
conceal; to keep secret: — disiinula. dissembler, n.; hypocrite: — cado ma-
ma-mauleg; jipocrita. dissolute, adj., adv.; licentious; roving
wild ly :— des ar eglao ; saiTggano . dissolvable, adj., adv.; soluble: —
diritiyon. dissolve, v. i.; to melt; to fuse: — dirite. distance (between two places), n.: —
distansia; ina-chiigo. distant, adj., adv.; far; far off: — chago. distaste, n.; aversion of the palate;
dislike ; disinclination : — timanngui. distasteful, adj.; unpleasant to the
tasie: — taiminaimgui. distil, V. tr.: — estila. distillation, n.; vessel for distillation;
alembic: — fanestilayan; estila. distilled water, n.: — janom enestila;
also: janum enestila. distilling plant (water), n.: — fanesti- layan. distinct, adj., adv.; separate; different;
clear; plain: — distingue, distinguish., v. i.; to distinguish one's
self: — fan-igue. distingui.sh, v. tr.; to discriminate:—
distiiiggae. distinguished, adj., adv.; famous: —
distiiigguido. distort, V. tr.; to deface; to deform; to
disfigure: — na-as6; na-chatpago. distract, v. tr.; to perplex; to confuse;
to bewilder: — echung. distracted, adj., adv.; absent-minded: —
distraido. distressed, adj., adv.; anxious; scru-
p ulous : — escrupuloso. distressed, adj.; depressed; op-
prci^sed : — inadite. distribute, v. tr.; to allot; to deal out or
divide; to apportion: — repatte. district, n.; territorial division; region
or tract ol country: — distrito. district (of a village), n.: — barailgai. district overseer, n.; head of the dis- trict:— cabesa de barangai. distrust, V. tr.; to doubt; to suspect: — ti
maangoco. distrust, n.; want of confidence; want of
faith or rcdianco: — sospeclioso. distrustful, adj., adv.; suspicious: —
sospeclioso; josguan. distrustful person, n.: — jijcsguan.
disunite, v. tr.; to set at variance; to
render mutually hostile: — ^na-atar-
antao; trastotna; yalilca; yiica. d:isunited, adj.; at variance: — apling. ditch, 71.; trench; moat; — giiinadog;
sanja. dive, V. %.: — Uof. diver, n.: — busero. diverj5, adj.; various; sundry: — difer-
entes. diversion, n.; variation; pastime: —
dibetsion. divest. V. Ir.; to despoil; to make base: —
na-tailaye. divide, r. tr.; to separate; to cut into
parts: — dibide; desapatta; pagngas;
patte. divide, v. tr.; to share; to participate: —
facai. divide off, r. tr.; to hold back: — chofe. divi.ne, )'. i.; to guess: — aconseja. diviner, n.; fortune teller: — dibino. divi-:ible, adj., adv.; partible: — dibi-
diyon. division, n.; separation; difference: —
?5ep abrasion, division, n.; partition: — dibision; flna-
cai; ma- facai. divorce, n.; dissolution of marriage by
legal authority: — dinibtitsia; yiniti. divorce, v. tr.; to dissolve marriage con- tract by legal authority; — -debtitsia;
umayuti. divulge, r. tr.; to disclose :^poblica. divulged, p. p.; diffused; spread abroad
(rumors, etc.); — na-matungo; ma-
chalojgua. dizziness, n.; vertigo; giddiness; — in-
atmariao. dizzy, adj., adv.; giddy; — timagof ta-
taotao. do, V. tr.; to build; to mold; — fatinas. docile, adj.; easy to teach; tractable;
easily managed: — fanaguiyon. dock, n.; quay; pier; — pantalan. doctor, n.; physician; surgeon: — medico, dog, n.: — galago (animal from the
north). doll, n.: — mufigca. domestic, adj.; private; homemade: —
traatisguma. donxicile, n.; residence; home; — resi-
dsnsia. dominate, v. tr.; to reign over; to rule; —
goje; domina. do not! (the latin; noli); — chamo! donate, v. tr.; to turn over; — nae. donation, 7t.; gilt; — ninae. done, adj.; completed; — esta mon-
jayan. door, n.: — potta. do£e, 71.; quantit}' of medicine to be
taken at one time; — tumada. dot, n.; small point or speck ;-;-punto. double, adj., adv.; two-fold; two of a
sort; — doble; also uritien dobble.
doubt
57
dutiable
doubt, n.; uncertainty of mind :— duda; jinecura; jecuS,.
doubt, V. i.; to question; to hesitate: — duda.
doubtful, adj., adv.; dubious; question- able; undecided; undetermined: — dudoso; jumecua; jumojecua.
dough (flour), 7!.; — yinaca (pan).
dove, n.; pigeon: — palunia.
dove, n.: ringdove: — cunau; paluman cunau (also: cunao).
dower, n.: — dote.
down, n.; soft feathers; hair: — m.anana na pulo.
dov/nward, adv.; toward the ground: — para papa.
draft, n.; sketch; outline; drawing: — pinenta.
drag, V. tr.; to haul; to tug: — jaia.
dragfnet, n.: — chinchulo.
drain, n.; drainage: — canat.
drake, n.; kite: — papalote.
draw, V. tr.; to sketch; to draft: — penta.
draw a parallel between, v. tr.; to com- pare : — aconipara.
draw down, v. Lr.; to pull down; to take down; to snatch down: — eliapag.
draw" nearer, v. %.; to approach: — chijit; jumijot.
draw mg'li, v. %.; to approach; to bring one's self near: — arima.
draw otr, v. tr.; to withdraw: — descu- enta.
draw out, v. tr.; to pull out: — lagnos; gosne.
draw through, v. tr.: — ensatta.
drawers, n.: — cat.'ionsiyos.
drawing, 71.; sketrh; plan: — dibujo.
dread, n.; terror; reverential awe: — na-maafiao.
dread, v. tr.; to fear greatly; to ven- erate:— na-maanao.
dreadful, adj., adv.; impressive; horri- ble:— gof-na-maanao.
dream, n.: — giiinife.
dream, v. tr., v. i.; to fancy: — giiiie.
dream.er, n.: — giiigiiif e; y man-giiigiiife.
dredge, n.: — dxeya.
dredge, v. tr.; to clean out and deepen with a dredge: — dreya.
dress, n.; cloth; material: — bestido; magago.
dress, ti. ^r.; to get dressed; so dress one self: — beste; miniigago.
dressed up, adj.; dolled up (referring to women) : — chicherico ; mamuda .
drill, n.; borer: — barena,
drill (upright, run by power, to drill metals), n.: — broca.
drill (of soldiers), v. tr.: — ejetsisio.
drink, v. tr., v. i.: — guimen; guinem.
drink, v. tr.; to drink out of a bottle or glass: — boyug.
drinkable, adj.; potable: — fan-guimi- nan; fan-guiniman; gmminon.
drinker, n.: — guegmen.
drip, V. i.: — toje; tujo.
drive, v. ir.; to impel forward by force;
to propel: — na-lagusi; sugun. drive, v. tr.; to drive in a wedge: —
cufia. drive away, v. tr.; to disperse: — dtila-
lag. drive back, v. tr.; to beat off; to repel: —
rempuja. drive back, v. lr.; to repulse; to shake
off; to cast off: — chanda. drive forward (speaking of the sea,
driven forward under action of the
wind), V. tr.; to blow (the wind); to
blow away: — inasa. drive on, v. tr.; to push along: — epog. drive out, v. Lr.; to expel; to exile; to
banish: — destilado; dululag. drop, ?z. fall ; throw: — podong; yuti. drop, v. %.; to fall in drops: — gota. drown, v. i.: — matnios; iiognog. drowned, adj.; sunken: — matmos. drudge, v. %.; to labor hard: — machocho
duro. drug, n.; medicine: — amot. drum, n.: — tanibot. drunk, adj., arfi;.; intoxicated: — bolacho. drunkard, n.; tippler: — bolachero;
begliicho. drunk, adj.; seasick; in a stupor from
smoking opium: — bolacho. dry, adj., adv.; arid; barren; destitute
of moisture: — ang-16; dogiigos. dry, adj., adv.; wilted (leaves); trou- bled : — malayo. dry season, n.: — fanomnagan; somnag. drying space, n.: — fan angluan. dry up, V. i.; to become wrinkled: —
jeddo; ma-jeddo. dubious, adj., adv.; questionable; un-
dicided; undetermined; doubtful: —
dudoso. duck, V. i.; to humble one's self: —
hejong. due, adj.; owed or owing; payable: —
dibe. dull, adj., adv.; stupid; foolish; silly;
simple: — alanga; baba; laiiga; liirigat;
totpe. duU, adj., adv.; without a cutting edge or
point: — nano; majefoiTg. dumb, adj., adv.; mute; silent; speech- less:— iido. dungheap, n.: — taque-gaga. dung pit, n.: — fanyntiyan; yutl. dupe, 11.; one easily tricked; credulous
person: — ^langa. durable, adj., adv.: — maog; masiso. duration, n.; endurance; continua- tion:— dinira; minaog. during, prep.; while; when (time): — •
anai; durante, dusky, adj., adv.; dark: — jomjom. dust, n.; soot; haze: — asgon; iwtbos. dust, n..- — ^potbos. dust comer, n.: — fanudaan; chuda. dutiable, adj.; subject to duty:— adu-
anavon.
duties
58
embalm
duties, n.; fees; customs duties; taxes: —
derechos. duty, n.; tax; delivery: — tributo todo;
impuerito; cat^a. dwarf, n.; human being much below
the av'era:;o height: — n.aao. dwell, V. tr.; to reside; to inhabit: —
saga, dye, V. tr.; to stain; to color: — tumu. dye, V. tr.; to tan (leathcn-): — tumo. dyin^^, adj., adv.; very sick: — chat^uiya.
dying, v. %.; to be dying; to be deathly
sick: — chaflig. dynamo, electric, n.: — dinamo elec-
trica; mdquinan electrica. dysentery, n.: — masinig jaga; jinaga. dyspepsia, n.; indigestion: — chetnot
estornago. dyspeptic, n.; person afflicLed with
dy!51)ep-ia:— t^y taotao ni gai-chetnot
estomajjuna.
E.
eager, adj., adv.; zealous^ ardent: —
empenao; erapen6so. eagerness, n.; zeal: — empeno. eagle, n.: — ^aguila. ear, n.: — talailga. ear of corn, 7i.: — masotca. ear, n.; handle; hook; ring: — dililing. earlier, adj., adv.; sooner; prior: —
guseiia; mona; mo nana; taftafiia. early, adj.; unripe: — maga; taftaf. earn, v. tr.; to acquire; to procure by
effort: — faichechue; gana; soda. earn, v. tr.; to gain; to Avin; to defeat: —
gana; julat; aMo. earnest, adj., adv.; grave; serious; sedate;
sober: — -fotmat. earrings, n.; ear pendants: — alitos. earth, n.; ground: — oda. earthenware, n.: — nayan fache. earthly, adj.; worldly: — oda. earthquake, 7i.: — linao. ease, n.; leisure; freedom from occupa- tion:— dinescansa; taichecho. easing, n.; relief; mitigation; allevia- tion:— descanso; majgong. east, n.: — ^catan. easter, n.; festival of the Christian
Church pertaining to the resurrection f Jesus Christ: — pasgua. easy, adj.; not difficult: — ti mapot. eat, V. tr., r. i.: — cano; chocho. eat immoderately, v. tr., v. %.; to
consume large quantities of food: —
chumocho daflog; daflogiie. eaten away; gnawed at: — quinatne. ebb, reflex of the tide: — ^mate (y tasi). ebony, n.: — matfit. eclipse (of the moon), n.: — quenano
quilis; quilis piilan eclipse (of the sun), n.: — quilis atdau;
quinilis dtdau. echo, n.; repetition of sound caused by
reflection : — opan. edge, n.: — canto.
edge, 71.; cutting edge (of a knife): — filo. edge, n.; ledge of wood: — leston. edge (table edge), n.; rim; border:—
canto, edging, n.; border: — -galon; sinta. edible, adj.; fit to be eaten as food: —
canuon; ma^maciino. edict, n.; public proclamation; decree: —
bando.
edify, v. tr.: — nae y m a u 1 e g na
ejempio; mama guima; fana'giie nl
mauleg. educate, v. tr.; to impart knowledge: —
educa; fan^'giie; na eyag. education, n.: — educasion; finanS-giie;
in-eyag. effect, n.; consequence; result: — jini-
yong. elFective, adj.; efficient: — -actibo; na-
joug; man jiilut. efficiency, n.; effectual agency: — jinilat;
najong; ninasiiia. efficient, adj.; powerful: — mi- jinilat;
mi-ninasiiia. effort, n.; attempt: — mamaichecho. egg, n.: — chada. eggplant, n.: — berengjenas. eight, adj.: — ocho. eighth, adj.: — mina ocho. eighty, adj.: — ochenta. either (one or the other), adj.: — guai-
ichongja; pat.
either or — — , conj.: — ^pat pat.
ejaculate, v. tr.; to utter suddenly: —
la'gsisi. elaborate, adj.; complicated; highly fin- ished:— guef machague. elastic, adj.; rebounding: — jalayon yan
jeduyon. elate, v. tr.; to raise the spirits of: —
anima; choneg; suon. elbow, n.; yard (measure): — codo; patio;
silio; tomon canai. elect, V. tr.; to name; to appoint: —
eUje; fanaan; nombra; saiTgan; iiyeg. election, n.: — botasion. electric dynamo, n.: — dinamo elec-
trisida. electric light, n.: — lus electrica. electric hght plant, n.: — fabrican
canded electrisida. electric motor, ti.; — motor electrisida. elegant, adj., adv.; foppish; affected: —
bonito; ti-ta-chacha. eleven, adj.: — onse. ehgible, adj.; legally qualified: — ^nom-
brayon. elocution, n.; art; manner or style of
speaking; delivery : — inadengan. elope, V. i.; to run away: — umasaguan
malago. embalm, v. tr.: — ma embataama.
embank
59
entrance
erabank, v. tr.; to protect by a bank: —
baricada. embark, v. tr.: — embatca; maudae gui
sajyan. embarrass, v. tr.; to perplex; to dis- tress:— na-chatjinaso. embellish, v. tr.; to make beautiful: —
na-gatbo. em.bitter, v. tr.; to incite; to stir up; to
insult:— n.a-lay6; na-t^njos. emboss, v. tr.; to confound; to tire; to bore: — na-dogae; na-6son; na-tenjos. embrace, v. tr.; to take into one's arms: —
togtog. em.broider, v. tr.; to stitch: — botda. embroidery, n.; laces: — encajes. emergency, n.; sudden necessity; strait;
crisis: — dangculo na nesesida. emigrant, n.; one who quits his own country to settle in another: — es- tranjero; tdotao nt ju manao gui tanona para u saga gui otro tano. emigrate, v. i.: — jumanao para otro
tano. emolument, n.; profit; remuneration: —
ganansia; remunerasion. emotion, n.: — siniente. emperor, n.: — emperadot. empire, n.; realm; state: — imperio. employ, v. tr.: — emplea; na-gdi-ch§ch6. employ reason, v. tr.: — gai jinaso. empty, adj., adv.; vacant within; hollow;
void: — basio; giieco; tdi-sindjguan. emulate, v. %.; to contend: — que igue. enable, v. tr.; to make able: — para u
sina. enanxel, n.; lacquer; paint: — pintura. enamored, adj.; in love: — amorao;
enamordo. enclose, v. tr.; to incase; to frame: —
encaja; engatsa; juchom. encompass, v. tr.; to border; to en- close:— engatsa; oriyaye. encounter, v. tr.; to come upon sudden- ly :— umatugong. encourage, v. tr.; to inspire: — ^anima;
abiba; na-bal6nte. encouragement, n.;— binalente;
inabiba; minatatnga. end, n.: — finagpo; littimo. end, n.; border: — chin, end, n.; conclusion; finish: — fin; finagpo;
mindgtus. endeavor, v. tr.; to try; to take pains: —
na-quesina; empeiia. endless, adj., adv.: — tai-finagpo; tdi-
jinecog. endless, adj., adv.; infinite; limitless: —
tatnai-magtus; uguiyon. endurance, n.; continuation; diu-a-
tion: — dinira; minesngon. endure, v. i.; to last; to abide; to con- tinue:—dura; sungon. endure, v. tr.; to sustain; to tolerate; to bear; to support: — aguanta; aguante; sungon.
4562—18 5
enemy, n.; opponent: — enemigo;
achiitliemo; achatiitanmo. energetic, adj., adv.; strong: — em-
peiioao. energy, n.: — empefio. enervate, v. tr., v. i.; to slacken; to relax; to become enervated: — cuma- calo. engage, v. tr.; to bind by contract: —
umcacontrata. engine, n.: — maquina. engineer, n.: — enjiniero. engrave, v. tr.; to cut or carve in sunken
patterns: — ^binetdan maguadoc. engraving, n.;^renaya. enhance, v. tr.; to advance; to raise in esteem; to heighten in price or value: — tinaichxi. enjoy, v. tr.; to have the pleasure or benefit of; to use as food or as drink: — aprobecha; gosa. enlarge, v. tr.; to make deeper:— na-la-
modung. erJarge, v. tr.; to extend; to expand: —
na-dangculo; estiende. enlighten, v. tr.; to illuminate: —
aclara. enliven, v. tr.; to animate: — na-lala. enmity, n.: — -ina^chatlii; china tlii;
quinentrdrio. enormous, adj.; excessive; immense; very great: — sen-dangculo; guef dang- culo. enough, adj., adv.; sufficient: — najong. enough of that noise ! — ^mampos na
buruca I enough, adv.; sufficiently: — ^basta; vesta
najong. enrapture, v. tr.; to overjoy; to fill with ecstasy: — encanta, j enroll, v. tr.; to enlist: — ma-nS,jalom gui lista. entangle, v. tr.; to ensnare; to perplex;
to beAvilder:- na-gadon. entangled, adj.; confused; intricate: —
gadon; ma-yalaca. entanglement, n.: — guinadon; enredo. enter, v. tr.; to go into; to come into;
to penetrate: — jatme. enter into an agreement, v. tr., v. i.; to close a contract: — contrata; uma^joye. entertain, v. tr.; to receive and treat
hospitab ly : — -tane . entertainment, n.; conversation: —
umatane; conbetsasion. enthusiasm, n.; ardor of mind: —
giiinaiya entice, v.tr.,v.i.; to allure: — catiye; n&-
SU; na-malago. entire, adj., adv.; total: — entero. entomb, v. tr.; to place in a tomb: —
ma-nicho. entrance, n.; the act of entering: —
entrada; jinalom. entrance, n.; foreroom: — entrada.
entreaty
60
excepted
entreaty, n.; request: — guinagau. entrust, v. tr., v. i.; to confide; to look
for; to expect; to hope: — angoco;
confia; tdguan. entry, n.; foreroom: — entrada. envelope, n.: — sobren catta. enviable, adj.; exciting envy: — linatga. envious, v. i.; to be envious: — lay6. envious, adj., adv.; discontented: — lay6. envious, adj., adv.; jealous; grudging: —
embidiosa; latga; ego. environment, n.; — condision; oriya. envy, n.; jealousy: — inlgo; embldia. epidemic, n.: — epidemia; sago. epilepsy, n.: — epilepsia; repot, episode, n.; an incident: — ejemplo. epoch, n.: — ^epoca. equal:^ndicated by prefixing cha- or
acha-. equal, v. i.; to equal some one: — alapat. equal in v^eight, n.: — cha-un^ag. equator, n.: — tal6. equipoise, n.; equiUbrium; equality in
weight; balance: — y china^ ungag. equip, V. tr.; to fit out; to prepare: — pre-
paraye. equitable, adj.; impartial; just: — tunas, equivalent, adj.; equal: — pumarejo. era, n.; period: — a^yo na tiempo. eradicate, v. tr.; to erase: — funas. erase, v. tr.; to obliterate: — funas. erect, adj.; upright: — tunas julo an
papa, erect, v. tr.; to erect on a foundation: —
jatsa; na-cajulii. erect, v. tr.; to raise; to lift up; to pick
up (from the floor): — jatsa. err, v. i.; to commit an error: — ^fatta;
abiig. error, n.: — fatta, inabag. error, v. i.; to be in error; to be mis- taken:— chetan. error, n.; misunderstanding: — linache;
equibocasion. erupt (speaking of a volcano), v. i.: —
muta. escape, v. i.; to run away; to flee: —
falago. escort, V. tr.: accompany: — gachong-
naijon; esgdijon. escort, n.; accompaniment; convoy: —
accompanamiento; in-esg^iyon; ines-
gdijon. especially, adv.; particularly: — mayot-
mente. essential, adj.; necessary: — ^nesesario;
presiso. establish, v. tr.; to introduce; to arrange;
to inaugurate: — establese; manjdle. establishment, n.; place of business: —
establemento; establesimiento. estate, ?i.; property: — fangualtian. esteem, v. tr.; to respect: — jaf-e. esteemed, adj.; respected; highly re- garded:— estima; inestima. estimate, r. tr.: to consider; to calcu- late:— failamUni; fa-l&mon; tdsa.
etch, V. tr.; to engrave: — raya; matca. eternal, adj., adv.: — taf jinecog; ti
jfjocog. eternity, n.: — tinalchii. etiquette, n.; good breeding; the con- ventional rules of deportment: — tom- tom; tinc^^mtom. eucharist, n.; the holy communion: —
comuni6n. eulogize, v. tr.; to praise highly: — ttina. European, n.: — taotao lago {meaning
the man from the north). evade, i;. tr.; to avoid (sin); to turn out of
the way: — ebita; letque. evade, v. tr.; to flee: — letque. evaporate, v. tr.; — magap; malingo
(como y janom gui aire). evaporation, n.: — minagapiiaf jon. evasion n.; expedient; excuse: —
falagiiiyon; escusa. even, adv.: — achugja; masea. even, adj., adv.; level; plain; smooth: —
yano; liso; majlos. evening, n.: — pupuengue. evening before a festivity, n.: —
afunan gupot; bisperan gupol. evenly, adv.; uniformly: — patco; parejo. event, n.; an occurrence: — suseso;
sinesede. eventually, adj., adv.; ultimately:^
alostittimos. ever, adv.; at any time: — jamas, every, adj.; each: — cada or ciida uno. every time when— — ■, conj.: — a^nai-ja. evidence,?!./ proof; testimony: — prueba. evil, adj., adv.; morally bad; wicked;
mischievous: — tailaye; biiba. evil-minded, adj.; ill-disposed: — mal
intensionao. evince, v. tr.; to prove; to show; to
demonstrate: — fanue. eviscerate, v. tr.; to gut: — destilipas. evolution, n.; development; growth: —
adelanto; Unala. exact, adj., adv.; strict; accurate; pre- cise:— estricto; diniinche. exacting, adj., adv.; oppressive: — ^ma-
gagajet; parerejo. exactly, adv.; fitting snugly:— ajustao;
dina'ncheche. exaggerate, v. tr., v. i.: — na dangculo
mas que y mina-gajet. exalted, adj.: — magas. examination, n.; test; trial: — chinague;
examen. example, n.; sample; p a r a b 1 e: —
ejemplo; mu6stra. excavate, v. tr.; to dig out: — guaje;
guadog. exceed, v. tr.; to surpass; to excel: —
up OS. excel, v. tr.; overtop; to surpass: — diles;
igue. excellent, adj., adv.: — patticulat. except, prep.; outside of: — fuera de;
fu^ra. excepted, adj.; free: — ecseptuao.
exceptional
61
eyesore
exceptional, adj., adv.: — sobresaliente. excess, n.; superfluity: — minampos. exchange, v. tr.; to trade: — tulaica. excite, v. tr.; to animate; to arouse: —
lujan. exclaim, v. i.; to cry out suddenly: —
umagang. exclude someone, v. tr.: — na-fuera;
na-sajiTgue. exclusion, n.; omission: — ninasajngue. excrement, n.; matter discharged from
animal body after digestion: — taque
gaga, exculpate, v. tr.; excuse: — discutpa. excuse, n.; evasion; expedient: — fala-
giiiyon; escusa. excuse, v. tr.; to exculpate: — dispensa;
escusa. execute, v. tr.: — jotca; fatinas. executive, n.; administrative branch
of the government:— ejecutibo. exemplify, v. tr.; to illustrate by ex- ample:— chachalane. exercise, v. tr.: — ejetse; ejetsita. exert, v. i.; to exert one's self: — usune. exhaust, v. tr.; to drain; to weaken: —
na-yafai; la^chai. exhausted, adj.; all used up: — ma-
lachai; linii^chae; ma-na-ydfai. exhausted; at the end: — sen-juto;
ma-juto. exhibit, v. tr.; to display; to boast; to
expose to view: — fata. exhibition, n.: — -finata. exhilarate, v. tr.; to make glad; to
enliven :— na-magof . exhortation, n.; admonition: — abiso. exile, V. tr.; to banish; to drive out; to
expel: — destilado; dulalac. exist, V. i.; to be: — ^lumala. exonerate, v. tr.; to acquit: — asii. expand, v. tr.; to enlarge; to extend;
to ^videu: — estiende; na-miipgua. expectorate, v. i.; to spit: — tumola. expedient, n.; excuse; evasion: — fala-
giilyon. expedite, v. tr.; to hurry; to accellerate;
to dispatch: — apura. expedition, n.;— ecspedision; espedi-
sion. expel, V. tr.; to exile: — destilado;
dulalag. expend, v. tr.; to spend (money): —
gasta. expenditure, n.; disbursement: — gas- ton salape. expenses, n.; costs; consumption: —
gasto. expensive, adj.; valuable; precious: —
guaguan. experience, n.; dexterity; skill: — linS,-
mon; pinayon. experienced, adj.; versed; skilled: —
esperimento. expert, n.: — perito; practice.
expiate, v. tr.; to make reparation; to
give satisfaction; to pay; to reconcile: —
empas. expiation, n.; reparation: — espiasion;
inempas. explain, v. tr.; to make clear; to ex- pound : — esplica. explanation, n.; interpretation: — in-
tetpretasion; pinila. explode, v. i.; to burst: — mapta;
pdgpag. explore, v. tr.: — descubre. explosive, n.: — minanila (c o m o y
dinamita). expose, V. tr.; to lay open: — tala. expose, V. tr.; to expose to the sun: —
aja. expose to view, v. tr.; to exhibit; to
display; to boast: — fata, exposition, n.: — esposision. express, v. tr.; to exhibit by language:- —
espresa. expression, n.; mode of speech: —
sasanganna. expulsion, n.; forcible ejection: — madti-
lalag. exquisite, adj.; delicate; nice; dainty;
refined: — fino. extend courtesy, v. %.; to show one's
self courteous: — cottesiaye. extend, v. tr.; to expand; to enlarge: —
estiende. extended, adj., adv.; long: — anac6. extension, n.; act or state of extend- ing:— inalatge; estension. extensive, adj., adv.: — estensibo. exterior, adj., adv.; external: — suman-
jlyong. exterminate, v. tr.; to destroy utterly: —
na-lachai; ma-funas. external, adj.; outside; exterior: —
sumanjiyong. extinguish, v. tr.; to put an end to; to
blot out; to wipe out: — bora; puno. extinguish, v. tr.; to extinguish the
light: — ^pun6. extirpable, adj.; eradicable (capable of
being pulled out by the roots):—
jalion. extraordinary, adj., adv.; remarkable;
rare; eminent; special: — ^ti seso. extravagance, n.; prodigality; waste- fulness;— gastadot. extreme, adj., adv.; of the highest
degree; last; utmost: — taiparejo. eye, n.: — atadoc. eye bandage, n.: — bendas. eyebrows, n.: — sejas. eyelash, n.: — ba'bale. eyelid, n.: — ba^bale; Ideas dtadoe. eyesight, n.; range of vision: — linli y
atadog.
eyesore, n.; anything that offends the sight: — jinemen inatan; puten mdta.
fable
62
fate
F.
fable, n.; a short fictitious narratiAc; also an idle story; a falsehood: — fabula. face, n.; countenance; looks; appear- ance:— mata; cara; rostro. facial, adj.; pertaining to the face: —
iyon mata. facilitate, v. tr.; to relieve; to make
easier or lighter: — alfbia. fact, n.; anything that is done; reality;
event; truth: — minagajet. factory, n.: — fabrica; factoria. fad, n.; a pet idea; a passing fashion: — bisio; ti-dbmam na moda or ti-Abmam na moda. fade, 1'. i.; to lose color; to wither; to languish: — funas; na-mdfnas; na- anglo. fail, V. %.; to fall short; to be deficient;
to turn out badly: — cajulo; dimalas. fail, V. tr.; to be wanting; to forsake: —
dumimalas. fail to meet some one, v. tr.; to fail
to fall in with: — alaisen. failing, n.; a fault; weakness; imperfec- tion:— linache; dinebit. faint, 11.; swoon: — lalangonaijon;
la^laiigo. faint, V. %.; to fall in a swoon: — ^la'lango;
mamaita^guau. faint, adj., adv.; weak; infirm:— debit, fainting, adj.; in a swoon: — la^ango. fair, adj., adv.; handsome; genteel;
fine: — gadbo. fairness, n.; the quality of being fair; equity; candor: — ^inasentado; ti fina- baba. faith, n.; belief: — fe; jinenggue. faithful, adj., adv.; true; loyal: — ti
ja-traedute; fiel. faithless, adj.; unfaithful; treacherous: —
faba'baba; traidot. ake, v. i.; to cheat; to dodge; to swindle: —
faba^ba. fake, n.; dodge; cheat; swindler; trick- ster:— dinague; finababii; atte. fall asleep, v. i.: — matujog; maigo. fall, V. %.; to descend; to decline: —
basnag. fall, V. i.; to tumble: — podung; also:
podong. fall headlong, v. i.: — acha'icag. fallen, adj.; degraded; ruined: — ma-
destrosa. faUing, adj.; moving downward; sink- ing : — popodong. false, adj., adv.; unreal; not genuine: —
fatso, false, adj., adv.; lying: — dacon. falsify, V. tr.; to forge: — fababa; fatsifica. falsify, V. tr.; to lead astray; to harm; to
injure: — na-ta^ilaye; fababa. fame, n.; reputation: — fama famihar, adj.; well acquainted or inti- mate; affable: — guef-umatiingo uma''payune.
family, n.: — familia.
family Uneage, n.:- — trongcon familia.
famine, n.; extreme dearth; scarcity: —
jasan; mdtai-nalaiig. famous, adj., adv.; distinguished: — dis-
tingguido; afamdo. fan (fly swatter), n.;— abanico; panag-
lalo. fan (used in building a fire), n.: — goja. fancied, adj.; imaginary: — jinalom
jalom. fancy, v. tr.; to imagine; to take a likii^
to: — guaiya; imajina na-jiilom. fancy, n.; idea; notion; liking: — idea;
jinaso; guinaiya. fang, n.; tusk; saddleroll; saddle pad: —
cotrdyos. fantastic, adj.; grotesque; odd: — tima-
gajet; tijoiTgguiyon. far, adj.; distant; far off: — chago. farce, n.; ridciulous or empty parade: —
taig^asia; matapaiig. fare, n.; provisions of a table; also sum paid for conveyance by railroad, etc. : — nencano; pat (or) apas pasaje. farewell, inter j.; may you fare well; may
you prosper: — adios, felis biaje. farm, n.; wordly possessions: — ^hasi-
enda; sementera; lancho. farmer, n.; peasant:- — lanchero; semen-
tero. farther, adj.; more distant or remote;
additional: — chagona; mas. fascinate, r. tr.; to bewitch; to capiti-
vate: — cajnaye; encanta. fascination, n.; attraction; charm: —
inencanta. fashion, n.; conventional custom in
dress: — raoda; estilo. fashionable, adj.; according to the pre- vailing mode: — moda; modista. fast, adj., adv.; strong; hard; firm: —
litme. fast, 11.; time of fasting; lent: — ayunat;
cuaresma; tienpon ayunat. fast, V. i.; to go without food: — ayunat. fast, adj.; quick; speedy; expeditious: —
chadeg; listo. fasten, v. tr.; to tie on; to bind: — gode. fasten, v. tr.; to strengthen: — na-meton. fasten with nails, v. tr.; to hammer: —
atane. fastening (for clothing), n.; large but- ton:— casaca; batunes daiigculo. fat, adj.; corpulent; fleshy: — chebot;
yomog. fat (of the cow), n.; suet:^sebo; mantica. fat (from pigs), n.; grease: — mantica. fat, adj.; greasy: — manempeya; man- tica. fat, n.; salve: — junto, fat man, n.: — chebot. fatal, adj.; mortal; causing death or de- struction:— tetminao para ayo fina- taina. fate, n.; destiny: — destino.
fateful
63
fibrous
fatefiil, adj., adv.; possessing fatal powers;
fa tal : — destinao . father, n.: — tata. father confessor, n.: — comfesot. father-in-law, n.: — suegro. father, ».; priest:— pale, father, n.; lord; master: — a'saina. fatigue, n.; weariness; mental or bodily
exhaustion : — af atigao. fatten, v. ir.; to make fat; to feed for the
table: — na-yomog; pogsai. fatten up, v. tr., v. i.: — na-yomog. faucet, n.; short pipe with a valve used
for d^a^ving liquids from kegs: — grifo. fault, n.; slight offense; blemish: — de-
fecto. fault-finding, adj., adv.; hair-splitting;
carping : — atito . faulty, adj., adv.; incorrect: — gai de-
feeto. favor, n.; kindness; grace: — grasia;
fabot. favor, n.; protection; patronage: — fina-
borese; fabot. favor, V. tr.; to aid; to protect; to patron- ize : — faborese. favorable, adj., adv.; auspicious; well- disposed : — f aborable . favorite, n.: minion: — y ma-fabo-
rerese. favorite, n.; bosom child: — y et-mas
ma-guaiya; y ma-faborerese; bunga. favm on, r. i.; to wheedle; to flatter: —
fa-andi. fear, v. tr.; tobe afraid of: — maa^nau, or:
maa'nao. fear, n.; apprehension of e\dl or danger: —
minaa'nau, or: minaa'nao. fearful, adj., adv.; timorous; timid;
apprehensive ; cowardly : — dan^ue . fearless, adj., adv.: — tai-afi.au; tii-
maaiiau. feasible, adj., adv.; practicable: — na-
sinayon. feast, n.; sumptuous repast; festival: —
fiesta; gupot. feast, n.; ceremony; solemnity: — gupot. feather, n.; plume: — plumaje. feathers, it.; chicken feathers: — pulon
manug, or: manog. feature, n.; outline; characteristic: —
figuran mata. February, a.: — febrero; maimo. fecundity, n.; fertility: — fottalesa. fee, n.: a compensation for ser\'ice ren- dered; gratuity: — apas. feed, V. tr.; nourish; to support: — chugo;
alimenta; na-chocho. feed, V. tr.; to furnish fodder to: — pugue. feed, V. tr.; to feed the fire; to feed the
light: — totngue; totne. feel, V. tr., v. i.: — ^tantea. feel, V. tr.; to touch: — siente. feel, ('. L; to suffer: — chuot; padese. feelers (of a crawfish), n.: — batbas
ujang.
feeling, n.; perception; sense of touch: —
siniente. fees, n.; duties, custom duties; taxes; —
derechos; apas; aduana. feign, V. tr.; to hide; to conceal: to keep
secret; to dissemble: — disimula. feUow, n.: comrade; friend: — gachong. fellowship, n.; association; society: —
gachong; compaiiero. felon, 11.; one guilty of felony: — gai
isao ni da'ngculo. felony, n.; a crime punishable by im- prisonment or death: — isao ni dii^ng-
culo. felt, 11.; a fabric composed of wool and
hair pressed together: — tinifog gapu-
nulo yan lana. felt hat, n.: — tijoiig castod. female, adj.: — hembra; palauau. female, n.: — palauan. fence, n.; hedge: — eclat, fender, n.; cushion of rope, intended
to protect the bow and sides of a
ship: — fina alunan tale para y
oriyan y batco para cliana; mayu-
yulang yan maoto. fender, n.; automobile fender: — tanpen
fachi. ferment, v. i.: — mumaagsom; lu-
malalo. fermentation, n.: — mina-agsom; bini-
lacho. ferocious, adj., adv.; savage; fierce: —
malaman.a; na'maanao. ferocity, n.; cruelty; savageness: —
minalaman.a. fertile, adj., adv.; rich; productive;
yielding: — gai fottalesa; ganansioso. fertile, adj., adv.; fruitful; prolific (re- ferring to the propagation of man or
animal) : — jaf nag; ma-mam ta . fertility, n.; fecunditj': — iinamta; fot- talesa. fervor, n.; intensity of feeling; zeal;
warmth : — todo y ninasin.ana; todo y
minagofiia. fester, v. i.; to suppurate: — fanugo. festive garb, n.: — gala, fetch, V. tr.; to go after and bring: —
chule. fetch a meal, v. tr.: — ^co^au. fetter, v. tr.; to chain: — padriguiyos;
cadena. feud, n.; quarrel between families: —
plaiton familia. fever, v. i.; to catch fever; to become
ill with fever: — calentura. fever, n.: — calentura. few, adj.; not many: — unos cuantos;
jasan. fi.asco, n.; complete failure: — Unache. fiber, n.; sinew; tendon; vein; nerve: —
gugat. fibrous, adj., adv.; composed of fibers: —
guinigatan; migugat.
fickle
64
flame
fickle, adj., adv.; changeable; inconstant;
mutable; variable ; fluctuating : —
aguyon. fickleness, n.: — tai-mineton. fidelity, n.; integrity; loyalty; reliabil- ity:— fe; amista; giiina^iya. fie! interj.; lor shame! — bah! ju! field, n.; plantation; ploughed ground: —
gualo; fangualuan. field rich with game, n.: — fanbenadu-
yan; famaquiyan. fiend, n.; demon; one who is intensely
malicious or wicked: — tailaye; baba
costumbrena. fierce, adj., adv.; wild; savage: — mala-
raaria; machaleg. fiery, adj.; passionate; easily roused: —
guse'cajul6; guse^lalalS. fifteen, adj.: — quinse. fifth, adv.: — quinto. flity, adj.: — sincuenta. fig, n.; fruit of the fig tree: — higos. fig tree (a variety of), n.: — agaliya. fight, n.; combat: — combato; pla^ito figure, n.; picture; model: — figura. figuratively spoken, v. ' i.: — gai-
figura. file, V. tr.: — linia. file, n.: — lima.
fihal, adj.; pertaining to a son or daugh- ter:— sen-lajina or sen-jagaiia. fill, V. tr.; to replenish: — sajguane. fill up, V. tr.: — na-bula. fill up, V. tr.; to fill up one's stomach: —
na-jaspog. filled, adj., adv.: — bula. fill, V. tr.; to flood: — na-sen-bula. filler of a cigar, n.; a bundle of ten
small tobacco leaves: — anduyo. filter, n.; apparatus for purifying water
(or other liquids): — coladot. filth, n.; mud; smut: — acong; iVplacha. filthy, adj., adv.; dirty; soiled: — aplacha. final result or outcome, n.: — jiniyting. finally, adv.; at last: — pot fin. find, V. tr.; to discover: — fagchai; soda, find, V. tr.; to invent; to recover: —
soda, find, V. tr.; to hit upon; to meet: —
da'nche. find out, V. tr.; to invent; to devise: —
soda; ni-juyong; inbenta. finder, n.; one who finds: — sisoda. fine, adj., adv.; handsome; fair; genteel: —
gadbo. finger, n.; toe: — calulot (middle finger:
calulot talo; index finger or forefinger:
calulot aniyo). finish, V. i.; to stop; to cease: — fagpo;
na-para. finish, n.; end; conclusion: — fin;
minagpo. finish, V. tr.; to complete: — fonjayan. finished, adj., adv.; complete; ready: —
monjayan. fins of a fish, n.: — ^batbas guijan. fire, n.: — guafe.
fije, V. tr.; to fire a gun: — dispara; piique. firearms, n.; rifles, etc.- — paque sija. firebrand, n.: — tesna. fire engine, n.: — bomban quemason. fixe upon, V. tr.; to bombard; to shoot
at: — flecha; piique. fireside, n.; the hearth; domestic life firewood (for the kitchen), n.: — jayon
matutong. firewood, n.; kindling wood: — jayo.
and comfort: — fion guafe. firm, adj., adv.; fast; strong; hard: —
fitme. firmament, n.; the sky: — languit; fitma-
mento. first, adv.: — fine'nana. first birth, n.; primogeniture: — mafa-
nagon fijie'nana; primerisa. fixst-bom, adj.: — y fine'nana na
patgon. first time; to use for the first time: —
primet biaje; achiing. first quarter (of the moon; rising or
increasing fourth): — cuatto cresiente. fish, n.: — giiijan. fish, v. i.; to fish at night, with a net: —
gade. fish, V. i.; to fish with a dragnet: —
chuminchulo. fisherman, n.: — talayero; pescadot. fish, V. tr., V. i.; to go fishing: — egiiijan. fishline, n.; line: — cotdet giiijan or
guigao. fishing line, n.; — tupac. fishing net, n.; inclosures built in shal- low water to catch fish: — guigau, or:
guigao. fish roe, n.: — figan. fish poison, n.: — gumuasa. fishing stone, n.; a stone used by the
natives when fishing: — acho puco;
acho chocho. fist, n.: — inaquijom; tronpon. fistula, n.; small chronic abscess: —
chetnot dlquiqui. fit, adj., adv.; suitable; appropriate;
adapted: — umaya; aproposito. fit, adj., adv.; capable: — capas. fit, 71.; shock; attack: — achaque. fit (he is overcome by a fit):— ninaye
un achaque. fitting snugly, p. p.; exactly: — ajustao. fit up alike, v. tr.; to make equal: —
na-aya. fitness, n.: — inaya; inajustao. five, adj.: — sinco. five hundred, adj.: — quinientos. fix, V. tr.; to intend; to design: — famau-
leg; destina. flabby, adj., adv.; soft; loose; repaxed: —
flojo; ciilo. flag, n.; banner: — bandera; estandatte. flag mast, n.: — jasta. flame, n.; fire: — manila; guafe. flame, n.; clarity; clearness: — manil^;
claridd.
flank
65
forbearance
flank, n.; the fleshy part of an animal
between the ribs and the hip:—
barigada. flannel, n.; shirt: — flanela; laniya. flap, n.; anything broad and flexible,
hanging loosely, and fastened on one
side : — pumala^lapa. flare, n.; large, unsteady, glaring light: —
minanila. flash, n.; sudden, quick, transitory
blaze of light: — manila ensiguidas;
chad eg na manil^. flask, n.; bottle: — frasco; boteya. flat, adj., adv.; level; dull: — mapanas. flatten, v. tr.; to lay flat; to make level
or even: — ^na-mapanas. flatter, v. i.; to fawn on; to wheedle: —
fa-andi; tuna, flatter, v. %.; to gain over by compli- mentary speech: — isa. flatter, v. tr.; to receive amiably: — uga. flatter, v. tr.; to soaj^; to lather: — jabune flatterer, n.: — xninejmo; ninifia; luga;
ga-man-uga. flatulence, n.; distension of the stomach
caused by gases:— jinatme mangle, flaunt, V. i.; to behave impudently: —
bumastos; dumescarada; bumaranca. flaunt, n.; a boast; brag: — banida. flavor, n.; a particular smell or taste:—
sabot; sensia. flavor, V. ir.; to impart a flavor to: —
na-gaisabot. flax, n.: — clasen tinanom ni mana-
sesetbe y jiluna para mamatinas
magago pat lienso. flea, n.: — potgas.
fleck, n.; streak; spot: — mancha; rastro. flee, V. %.; to escape; to run away: —
falago. fleet, adj., adv.; quick; swift: — gusi. fleeting, adj., adv.; transitory; perish- able:— mamapos, gusi-jocog. flight, n.; the act, process, manner, or
power of flying: — guinipo. flighty, adj., adv.; changeable capri- cious:— caprichoso. fling, V. tr.; to throw or hurl: —
yutenaijon. flint stone, n.: — gagot. float, n.; raft: — batsa. flock, n.; swarm; heap; pile: — catdumen;
catdume. flock or cro-wd together, v. tr.; to run
together: — aguluiume. flog, V. tr.; to whip; to chastise: — castiga. flood, n.; inundation; deluge: — bula y
tasi; bula y sadog; milag. floor, n.: — piso, satgue. flour, n.: — arina. flou.rishing, adj.; prosperous; thriving: —
adilantao; gai-producto. flow, V. i.: — mifalag; milalag. flower, n.; bud:— -flores. flowerpot, n.;— maseta. flowing, adj., adv.; moving, or pouring
forth; fluent: — mimilalag.
fluctuate, V. i.; to undulate; to rise and
fall:— na-chaochao; na-napo. fluent, adj., adv.; voluble; eloquent: —
curiente; curiente cumuentos. flunk, V. i.; to fail completely: — s#n-
podong; sen-mapede. flush, V. tr.; to clean out with a rush
of water: — chalaochao ni janom. flute, n.: — flaota; flauta. flute player, n.;— -flautista. flutter, V. i.; to move or flap the wings
rapidly: — palapa. fly, n.:—\a.\6. fly, V. i.: — gupo.
flying, aQ[;'.;— guegpo; gupo; guigupo. flying fish, n.: — fardjen tasi. fly swatter (fan), n.: — abanico; pun6
lalo. foam, n.; froth: — espuma. foam, n.; mold; scurf; scab; crust: —
natas. foam, n.; water blister: — buo; boan. foaming, adj.; drivehng:- binean. fodder, n.; food for horses and cattle: —
ne3igcan6 cabayo; neiigcano guaca. foe, n.; personal enemy: — enimigo. fog, n.; condensed watery vapor near
the surface of the sea or land: — calan
jomjom uchan gui languit. foggy, adj.; cloudy:- — jomjom; tutbio. foil, V. tr.; to baffle; to frustrate: — ■
mapede. fold, n.; pen; dung: — colat gaga, fold, V. tr.; to wrap up: — falulon. foliage, n.: — ramas; jagon. folk, n.; people in general: — taotao sija;
familia. follow, V. i.; to continue: — sigue. follow, V. tr.; to imitate :—da^larag. follow, V. i.; to follow on the track of; to
track; to search out; to get a scent: —
rastrea. follow, V. tr.; to reach:^ag6; tate;
tatiye. following each other: — uma'-tatiye. foUy, n.; want of understanding: —
frionera; binabii. food, n.; victuals: — blberes. food, n.; noiu-ishment; eatables: — ali-
mento; nengcano. fool, n.; a person devoid of reason or
intelligence; idiot: — caduco; frion; tai-
sentido; tai-tiniiigo. foolish, adj., adv.; stupid; silly: — baba. foolishness, n.; silliness: — binaba; fri- onera. foot, n.: — patas. footstool, n.: — fan-aptian; apo; bancon
adeiTg. foppish, adj., adv.; elegant; affected: —
chacha. for, prep.; in place of; on account of: —
para, forbear, v. tr.; to abstain from; to spare: —
sungon. forbearance, n.; patience; indulgence: —
siningon; minesiTgon.
forbid
06
frichfeD
forbid, V. ir.; to prohibit: — chomS,;
atotlaye. forbidden, adj., adv.; interdicted: —
pruibido; projibido. force, n.; power; vigor; strength: —
finette; minetgot. force, V. tr.; to constrain; to coerce; to
subdue; to compel: — afuetsas. forcible, adj., adv.; xdolent: — afuetsas;
pot y fuetsa; fotsao. ford, 71.; shallow part of a stream; suit- able for crossing: — na'tata na lugdt. forearm, n.; arm between wrist and
elbow: — ayo na patte g^ui ca'nai y
desde y temo asta y moneca. forecast, v. tr.; to predict: — jaso desde
antes; aregla desde antes. forefinger, n.; index finger: —
ta'tiincho. forehead, n.; brow: — jae. foreign, adj.; strange: — forastero; es-
trafio. foreigner, 71.; stranger: — estrangjero;
estranjero. foreman, n.: — atguasit; ta^tago. forest, n.; bush: — jalum-tano. forever, adv.: — y siempre dura; taiji-
necog. forfeit, n.; a fine or penalty: — pena;
mutta. forge, V. ^r.;— na-aya. forget, V. ir.: — malefa. forgetful, adj., adv.; obU-\dous; liable to
be forgotten: — jamalefayon; ja'malefa. forgive, v. tr.; to pardon; to remit blame
or penalty: — asii. forgiveness, n.; pardon: — inasii; mi-
naas§; petd6n. fork, n.: — tenedot. form, V. tr.; to shape: — fotma. formal, adj., adv.; precise; according to
rule : — f otmat. formation, n.; that which is formed; also
the act of formation: — fotmasion. former, adj.; preceding in time or place;
first mentioned : — ^fine^nana. formidable, adj., adv.; fearful; power- ful:— na'maaiiao; metgot. forsake, v. tr.; to desert; to abandon; to
quit; to leave behind: — desampara. forsaken, adj.; forlorn ; left alone : — aban-
donao; madiiigo. for some time; for quite some time: —
la-abmam. fortify, ?i. tr.; to make stronger: — na-
animoso. fortunate, adj., adv.; wealthy; opulent;
lucky; happy; prosperous: — affot-
tunao. fortunate, adj., adv.; lucky; blessed;
content; comfortable: — guefsaga;
dichoso. fortune, n.; luck; good fortune: — fot-
tuna. fortune, v. tr.; to tell one's fortune; to
prophesy: — adibina. fortune teller, ?i..- — sabidot; dibino.
for this reason: — eate minS..
forthwith, adv.; immediately: — ti-ab- mam; enseguidas.
forty, adv.: — cuarenta.
foi-ward! intcrj.; advance! — lat-fena!
foul, adj.; spoiled; offensive: — podlilo.
found, V. tr.; to lay the basis of; to fix firmly: — planta.
foundation, n.: — simiento.
founder, v. %.; to sink; to go down: — mafondo; ma-puja y batco.
founder, n.; builder: — pla'lanta.
fount, n.; fountain or spring: — trongcon janum; bobo.
four, adj.: — cuatro.
four-cornered, adj.; square; quad- rangular:— cuadrao.
four hundred, adj.: — cuatro-sientos.
fourteen, adj.: — catotse.